The structure of Cartan subgroups in Lie groups (Q2664650)

A Cartan subgroup of a connected Lie group \(G\) is a maximal nilpotent subgroup \(C\) of \(G\) with the property that if \(L\) is any closed normal subgroup of finite index in \(C\), then \(L\) has finite index in its own normaliser in \(G\). In this paper, we study properties and the structure of Cartan subgroups in a connected Lie group. One obtains a characterisation of Cartan subgroups which generalises Wüstner's structure theorem for the same: it is shown that Cartan subgroups are same as those of the centralisers of maximal compact subgroups of the radical. Moreover, the authors describe a recipe for constructing Cartan subgroups containing certain nilpotent subgroups in a connected solvable Lie group. Next, we characterise the Cartan subgroups in the quotient group modulo a closed normal subgroup as the images of the Cartan subgroups in the ambient group. Finally, one studies the density of the images of power maps on a connected Lie group and show that the image of any \(k\)-th power map has dense image if its restriction to a closed normal subgroup and the corresponding map on the quotient group have dense images. The results of the paper are spread out in five sections.