A non-vanishing theorem of del Pezzo surfaces (Q2806128)

The author works over the complex numbers. A del Pezzo surface is a projective surface with ample anti-canonical line bundle. In this paper, a singular del Pezzo surfaec is a normal del Pezzo surface with at worst Kawamata log terminal singularities such that the anti-canonical divisor is numerically eventually free (nef) and big. For surfaces, Kawamata log terminal singularities are equivalent to quotient singularities [\textit{J.\ Kollár} and \textit{S.\ Mori}, Birational geometry of algebraic surfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1998; Zbl 0926.14003)]. In this paper, the author studies normal del Pezzo surfaces \(X\) with only cyclic quotient singularities of type \(1/r(1,1)\). In Theorem 1.1 the following non-vanishing theorem is proved: \(h^0(X,-mK_X)>0\) for \(m=1\) and \(m=3\).NEWLINENEWLINEFor a surface with cyclic quotient singularities, the author develops a partial resolution via a sequence of particular choices of weighted blowups. The composition map is called an L-blowup. L-blowups transform cyclic quotient singularities to singularities of type \(1/r(1,1)\). Moreover, if \(X\) is a del Pezzo surface with cyclic quotient singularities, and \(Y\to X\) is an L-blowup, then in Prop.\ 1.2 it is shown that \(\chi(Y,-K_Y)=\chi(X,-K_X)\), and this implies that \(\chi(X,\mathcal O_X)=\chi(Y,\mathcal O_Y)\). An important role in the proofs plays a singular Riemann-Roch formula due to \textit{M. Reid} [``Surface cyclic quotient singularities and Hirzebruch-Jung resolutions'' (1997), \url{http://homepages.warwick.ac.uk/~masda/surf/more/cyclic.pdf}].