Inner product space and circle power (Q2915415)

The main result of the paper isNEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1: Let \(X\) be a real Banach space. Let \(\| \cdot \| \colon X \to \mathbb R \) satisfyNEWLINENEWLINE (1) \(\| x \| \geq 0\), and \(\| x \| = 0 \Leftrightarrow x = 0\)NEWLINENEWLINE(2) \(\| tx \| = | t |\, \| x \|\) for all \(t \in \mathbb R\) and \(x \in X\).NEWLINENEWLINE If there is a \(\lambda \in \mathbb R \setminus \{ 0,1\}\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \| x+ \lambda y\|^2 = \lambda \| x+y\|^2 + (1-\lambda)\| x \|^2 + \lambda(\lambda -1)\| y \|^2 \text{ for all } x,y \in X, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then there is an inner product \((\cdot,\cdot)\) on \(X\) such that \((x,x) = \| x\|^2\) for all \(x \in X\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe result is known for \(\lambda = -1\) (the parallelogram identity) and for \(\lambda = 4/3\) by \textit{P. Šemrl} [Glas. Mat., III. Ser. 25(45), No. 2, 309--317 (1990; Zbl 0779.39004)]. It is remarkable that the triangle identity is not an assumption of the theorem.