Recurrent equations with sign and Fredholm alternative (Q317097)

The authors consider the linear differential system \[ \dot x=A(t)x+f(t), \] where the vector \(f\) is bounded and continuous and the matrix \(A\) is recurrent, i.e., \(A\) is bounded, uniformly continuous, and its hull is compact minimal with respect to the compact-open topology and the flow induced by translations \((A\tau)(t)=A(t+\tau)\). It is proved that a Fredholm alternative holds, extending the result [\textit{P. Cieutat} and \textit{A. Haraux}, Port. Math. (N.S.) 59, No. 2, 141--159 (2002; Zbl 1018.34049)]. The existence of exponential dichotomies in the nonrecurrent case is also characterized.