Variation operators for semigroups and Riesz transforms acting on weighted \(L^p\) and BMO spaces in the Schrödinger setting (Q321245)

The authors consider the Schrödinger equation \(\mathcal{L} = - \Delta + V\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n, n \geq 3\), where \(V \not\equiv 0\) is a fixed nonnegative potential which belongs to the reverse Holder class \(RH_q\), for some \(q \geq \frac{n}{2}\); that is, there exists \(C = C(q, V) >0\) such that \[ \left( \frac{1}{|B|} \int_B V(x)^q\right)^{1/q} \leq C \left( \frac{1}{|B|} \int_BV(x) \, dx \right), \] \noindent for every ball \(B \subset \mathbb{R}^n\). The fundamental solution of \(\mathcal{L} + i \tau\) is denoted \(\Gamma(x, y, \tau)\), the Riesz kernel for the same operator is \[ R_j^{\mathcal{L}}(x, y) = - \frac{1}{2 \pi} \int_R (- i \tau)^{-1/2} \frac{ \partial} {\partial x_j} \Gamma(x, y, \tau) \, d\tau, \] \noindent and the associated Riesz potential is defined in the usual way, as is the truncated Riesz potential \[ R_j^{\mathcal{L}, \epsilon}f(x) = \int_{|x - y|> \epsilon} R_j^{\mathcal{L}}(x, y) f(y) \, dy. \] \noindent They also consider the commutator operator \([b, R_j^{\mathcal{L}}] = C_{b,j}^{\mathcal{L}}\), and its truncations \(C_{b,j}^{\mathcal{L}, \epsilon}\). Details of the rest are quite technical, so I send you to the paper for the precise definitions (in some cases, see the warning below), which are modifications of the more usual Muckenhoupt weights and classical BMO. The authors work with a BMO space associated with the potential and one associated with the operator \(\mathcal{L}\). Let \[ \rho(x):= \sup_{r>0} \frac{1}{r^{n - 2}} \int_{B(x,r)} V(y) , dy \leq 1, \] and there is a space \(\mathrm{BMO}_{\theta_0}(\rho)\), and for a weight \(\omega\) in a suitably defined class \(A^{\rho, \infty}_{\infty}\), they also consider a BMO space associated with the Schrödinger operator, \(\mathrm{BMO}_{\mathcal{L}, \omega}^{\beta}\). For a semigroup, \(T_t, \rho>2\), the variation operator is defined by, \[ V_{\rho}(T_t) (f) (x) = \sup_{\{t_n\}_{j \in N} \downarrow 0} \left( \sum_{j = 0}^{\infty} | T_{t_j}(f)(x) - T_{t_{j +1}}(f)(x) |^{\rho} \right)^{1/\rho}, \] which measures the speed of convergence of the semigroup as \(t \to 0+\). It has been proved that the truncated variation operator of the operators \(R_j^{\mathcal{L}, \epsilon},C_{b,j}^{\mathcal{L}, \epsilon}\) et al are bounded on \(L^p\) when \(V \in RH_n\) (the condition on \(b\) was not specified), and the variation operators of the heat semigroup is bounded on \(L^p\) when \(V \in RH_q, \, q \geq n/2\). The authors show that the variation operator \(R_j^{\mathcal{L}, \epsilon}\) is bounded on \(L^p_{\omega}\), for \(\omega \in A^{\rho, \infty}_{\infty}\), and that the commutator is also bounded on \(L^p_{\omega}\) if \(b \) is in a suitable BMO space, and \(\omega \in A^{\rho, \infty}_{\infty}\). They show that the variation operator of the heat semigroup is bounded on \(L^p_{\omega}\) for \(V \in RH_n\) and \(\omega \in A^{\rho, \infty}_{\infty}\), and that it is bounded on \(\mathrm{BMO}_{\mathcal{L}, \omega}^{\beta}\) for \(V \in RH_q\), \(q> n/2\). Warning: the heat semigroup is not defined in this paper, nor is the variation operator for the various potentials. While their definition is almost obvious, you will need to look at papers in the references for their definition.