Semisimplicity and rigidity of the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle (Q328870)

Let \(X\) be a Riemann surface and \(\omega\) a holomorphic 1-form. The pair \((X,\omega)\) is called a flat surface and the group \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{R}\) acts naturally on the set of flat surfaces. Let \(\kappa\) denote the multi-index encoding the zeroes of the holomorphic 1-form. Then flat surfaces with the same combinatorics of zeroes \(\kappa\) constitute a moduli space called a stratum and denoted by \(\mathcal{H}(\kappa)\). The action of \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{R}\) is known to preserve the Masur-Veech probability measure on such a stratum [\textit{H. Masur}, Ann. Math. (2) 115, 169--200 (1982; Zbl 0497.28012)]. Let \(E\) denote the Hodge bundle or some tensor power, defined over an \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{R}\)-invariant measure \(\mu\) in some stratum. The main result, called ``Deligne semisimplicity'', of the present paper shows the following: There exist \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{R}\)-invariant bundles \(V_i\subset E\) and vector spaces \(W_i\) equipped with Hodge structures and an isomorphism \(E\cong\bigoplus_iE_i\) with \(E_i\cong V_i\otimes_{A_i}W_i\), where each \(V_i\) carries a variation of Hodge structure making the above isomorphism compatible. The \(A_i\) are division algebras which act on \(V_i\) and \(W_i\), compatible with Hodge structures. Furthermore any \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{R}\)-invariant bundle \(V'\subset E\) is of the form \(V'=\bigoplus_iV_i\otimes_{A_i}W_i'\).