Associate space with respect to a locally \(\sigma \)-finite measure on a \(\delta \)-ring and applications to spaces of integrable functions defined by a vector measure (Q331733)

The problem of finding general classes of Banach lattices in which the elements can be represented as integrable functions was at the origin of the representation theory of classical Banach spaces, and goes back to Riesz, Kakutani, Lozanovskii and a lot of relevant mathematicians. Closely related to this representation problem -- in fact, an equivalent way of formulating it -- is the matter of analyzing how far the elements of the dual space \(E^*\) of a Banach lattice \(E\) can be written as integrals of measurable functions that define the so-called associate -- or Köthe dual -- space \(E^\times\). This interesting paper must be understood as a contribution to this -- classical but also current -- research project. The main idea is to study how far locally \(\sigma\)-finiteness of the measure on which a Banach lattice \(E\) is defined is a sufficient condition for assuring that most of the ``main relations'' among the lattice properties of \(E\) and the structure of \(E^\times\) are preserved. These ``main relations'' are the ones that hold for the standard case of \(\sigma\)-finite measures. Fix a measurable space \((\Omega,\mathcal R)\), where \(\mathcal R\) is a \(\delta\)-ring. In the first part of the article (Sections 2 and 3), the authors analyze the properties of the associate space of a saturated Banach function space \(E\) defined on a (positive scalar) locally \(\sigma\)-finite measure \(\mu\) on \((\Omega,\mathcal R)\). They show that essentially this property of the measure space is enough to assure that the main relations among lattice properties (order continuity, Fatou property, etc.) of \(E\) and its associate space \(E^\times\) are still preserved. For example, they show that under this requirement on the measure, the space \(E^\times\) has the \(\sigma\)-Fatou property (Proposition 3.2), and if \(\chi_\Omega \in E\), then \(E^\times\) has even the Fatou property (Corollary 3.4). As applications, they also provide a way for proving more properties of the order continuity and the Fatou properties for the case of \(\sigma\)-finite measure spaces. For the general case, they show more results; Proposition 3.8 states that, if \(E\) is saturated and \(E^*= E^\times\), then \(E\) is order continuous and \(E^\times\) has the Fatou property. Section 4 is devoted to the case of spaces of integrable functions with respect to a vector measure on the \(\delta\)-ring \(\mathcal R\). This class contains relevant spaces, as for example, \(\ell^p(I)\) of a non-countable set \(I\), \(1 \leq p < \infty\). In the case of non-finite vector measures, they have to be defined in a \(\delta\)-ring instead on a \(\sigma\)-algebra, which changes in a meaningful way the techniques that are needed. We must recall here that integration with respect to vector measures provides a general representation theory for order continuous Banach lattices, in such a way that an order continuous Banach lattice can always be written -- isometrically and in the order -- as a space of integrable functions. Locally \(\sigma\)-finite spaces are of course a more general class than \(\sigma\)-finite ones. Still, for the cases of scalar measures, the authors prove that, if \(E\) is a saturated \(|\lambda|\)-Banach function space (\(|\lambda|\) is the variation of \(\lambda\)) and \(\lambda\) is \(\sigma\)-finite, then \(E^\times\) is a saturated \(|\lambda|\)-Banach function space (Theorem 4.9). Also, if \(E\) has the Fatou property, then \(E= E^{\times \times}\) (Theorem 4.10). More versions of classical results for \(\sigma\)-finite measures are obtained; for instance, Corollary 4.13 states that for a locally \(\sigma\)-finite measure \(\lambda\) and a saturated \(\lambda\)-Banach function space \(E\), if \(E\) and \(E^\times\) are order continuous, then \(E^\times = E^*\). Finally, Section 5 is devoted to the applications of these arguments for Brook-Dinculeanu measures. A measure \(\lambda: \mathcal R \to [0,\infty]\) is a Brooks-Dinculeanu measure for a vector measure \(\nu: \mathcal R \to X\) if \(\lambda\) is a control measure for \(\nu\) that is locally \(\sigma\)-finite. The authors study lattice type properties of spaces of integrable functions with respect to measures having such a Brooks-Dinculeanu control measure. Recall that \(L^p(\nu)\) is the space of \(p\)-integrable functions with respect to the vector measure \(\nu\), and \(L^p_w(\nu)\) is the space of weakly \(p\)-integrable functions; that is, the integrals of the functions live in the bidual space \(X^{**}\) rather than in the original space \(X\). The authors show in Theorem 5.6 that in this case, \[ L^p(\nu)^{\times \times}= L^p_w(\nu), \quad 1 \leq p < \infty, \] as happens in the case of finite measure. They also show that \(L^1(\nu)\) has the Fatou property if and only if \(L^1(\nu)= L^1_w(\nu)\) (Corollary 5.9), and more results like this are given. The paper finishes with the partial answer to a (still open) relevant question whether or not the Fatou property holds for all the spaces \(L^1_w(\nu)\), for \(\nu\) a general vector measure on a \(\delta\)-ring.