Connectedness modulo an ideal (Q340746)

A topological space \(X\) is connected modulo an ideal \(\mathcal H\) of its subsets if there is no continuous \(f:X\to [0,1]\) such that \(f^{-1}(0)\notin\mathcal H\), \(f^{-1}(1)\notin\mathcal H\), and \(X\setminus f^{-1}(\{0,1\})\in\mathcal H\). Some properties of this generalization of connectedness are compared with those of the standard notion of connectedness. It is shown that a Tychonoff space \(X\) is connected modulo \(\mathcal H\) if and only if \(\beta X\setminus\bigcup\{\text{int}_{\beta X}\text{cl}_{\beta X}H:\;\text{cl}_X H\in\mathcal H\}\) is connected. The particular cases of ideals generated by families of some closed sets (e.g. by all compact sets), or ideals generated by open sets with pseudocompact closure for Tychonoff spaces \(X\), or ideals generated by sets with realcompact closures for normal spaces \(X\) are investigated. Characterizations in terms of the difference of \(\beta X\) and the Hewitt compactification \(vX\), or of the remainder \(vX\setminus X\), are given for the particular cases based on pseudocompactness, or realcompactness, respectively.