Krein formula and \(S\)-matrix for Euclidean surfaces with conical singularities (Q363223)

It is well known that on a closed Riemannian surface, the Laplacian \(\Delta\) has a unique self-adjoint extension. This article studies the spectral geometry of Euclidean surfaces with conical singularities. In this case the Laplacian has several selfadjoint extension. Let \((\Sigma, m)\) be a Euclidean surface with conical singularities at a finite subset \(P\subset \Sigma\). The Laplacian \(\Delta\) has several closed extensions, the minimal one \(\Delta_{\min}\) whose domain is the closure of \(C_0^\infty(M\setminus P)\) for the graph norm \(f\mapsto \|f\|_{L^2}+\|\Delta f\|_{L^2}\) and the maximal one \(\Delta_{\max}\) which is the adjoint of the minimal one. The quotient \(\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\max})/\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\min})\) has finite even dimension and the self adjoint extension of \(\Delta_{\min}\) are in one to one corespondance with the Lagrangian subspace of \(\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\max})/\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\min})\) for the symplectic form \[ (u,v)\mapsto \int_\Sigma (\Delta_{\max}u) v-\int_\Sigma u(\Delta_{\max} v). \] The well-known, self adjoint extension, the Friedrichs extension \(\Delta_F\) corresponds to the Lagrangian \(F=\{u\in \mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\max}), du\in L^2\}\). When \(\lambda\in \mathbb{C}\setminus [0,+\infty)\) the scattering matrix \(S(\lambda)\) describes the behavior of the solutions of the equation \[ \Delta_{\max}u=\lambda u, u\in \mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\max}). \] The quotient space \(\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\max})/\mathcal{D}(\Delta_{\min})\) has a natural decomposition \(F^\perp\oplus F\) and the scattering matrix \(S(\lambda)\colon F^\perp\rightarrow F\), so that the solutions of this equation live in the graph of the scattering operator. The other selfadjoint extension \(\Delta_L\) of the Laplacian can be described by two matrices \(P\colon F^\perp \rightarrow F \) , \(Q\colon F \rightarrow F \), so that the corresponding Lagrangian is given by the equation \((u,v)\in F^\perp\oplus F\) such that \(Pu+Qv=0\). The main result of this paper is a formula that relates the ``zeta''-regularised determinant to regular selfadjoint extensions. Not all selfadjoint extensions \(\Delta_L\) admit a ``zeta''-regularised determinant. The extension with well defined ``zeta''-regularised determinant is called regular. If \(\Delta_L\) is a regular selfadjoint extension that is described by the two matrices \((P,Q)\) then the determinant \(D(\lambda)=\det(P+QS(\lambda)\) has the following asymptotic expansion \(D(\lambda)\sim (-\lambda)^d D^*(0)\) when \(\lambda\to 0\) and \(D(\lambda)\sim \gamma |\lambda|^\mu \) when \(\lambda\to -\infty \). The authors obtain the formula \[ \mathrm{det}_{\zeta}^* \Delta _L=\frac{D^*(0)}{\gamma}\, \mathrm{det}_{\zeta}^* \Delta _F. \] Translations surfaces are an important class of Euclidean surfaces with conical singularity, where the Riemannian metric is the square of a holomorphic differential. The moduli space of translations surfaces of genus \(g\) is a stratified space, and \(H_g(k_1,\dots, k_\ell)\) is the stratum where the holomorphic differential has \(\ell\) zeros with prescribed multiplicity \(k_1,\dots,k_\ell\). In this setting, the authors obtain a formula for the differential of the scattering matrix on \(H_g(k_1,\dots, k_\ell)\).