Appearance of new parametric resonances in time-dependent harmonic oscillator (Q383996)

The paper is devoted to the study of the time-dependent harmonic oscillator \[ \frac{d^2 x}{d t^2} + \left(\omega^2(t) + \frac{a}{t^\rho}\cos \lambda t\right) x = 0, \tag{1} \] where \(a, \lambda, \rho \in \mathbb{R}, a \not= 0, 0 < \rho \leq 1.\) The natural frequency \(\omega^2(t)\) has the following representation as \(t \to \infty\) \[ \omega^2(t) = 1 + \frac{\omega_1}{t^{\rho}} + \frac{\omega_2}{t^{2\rho}} +\cdots + \frac{\omega_s}{t^{s\rho}} + r(t) \] for some \(s \in \mathbb{N}.\) The function \(r(t)\) belongs to \(L_1[t_0, \infty)\) and \(\omega_i \in \mathbb{R}, i = 1,\dots,s.\) The author shows that in (1) some new resonant frequencies (i.e., the values of frequency \(\lambda\) that produce unbounded oscillations in the system) may occur which do not exist in an ordinary harmonic oscillator under the same perturbation. Only five resonances may occur in (1) for \(\lambda > 0.\) The resonant frequencies are \(\lambda = 2/i, i=1,\dots,4,\) and one frequency of the form \(\lambda = 2/n,\) where \(n \geq 5.\) Moreover, if the resonance \(\lambda = 2/r\) is realized in (1) then all the resonances \(\lambda = 2/i\) with \(i < r\) among the mentioned above also occur. Conditions on the coefficients of (1) that imply the parametric resonance, are given. The method for investigation of (1) is based on the averaging changes of variable and Levinson's fundamental theorem.