Curves over every global field violating the local-global principle (Q393236)

Let \(k\) be a global field, i.e., a finite extension of either \({\mathbb Q}\) or \({\mathbb F}_p(t)\) for some prime \(p\). For each place \(v\) of \(k\), let \(k_v\) be the completion of \(k\) at \(v\). A variety over \(k\) is called \textit{nice} if it is smooth, projective and geometrically irreducible. A nice curve is a nice variety of dimension 1. We say that a nice \(k\)-variety \(X\) satisfies the local-global principle if \[ X(k_v)\neq\varnothing \;\text{for all places \(v\) of \(k\)} \Longrightarrow X(k)\neq\varnothing. \] By the Hasse-Minkowski theorem, every nice curve of genus zero satisfies the local-global principle, but this is no longer true for curves of positive genus. The main result of the present paper is the following: ``Let \(n\geq 0\) be an integer and let \(k\) be a global field. Then there exists an algorithm that produces a nice \(k\)-curve \(X\) with \(\#X(k)=n\) and \(X(k_v)\neq \varnothing\) for all places \(v\) of \(k\).'' The case \(n=0\) gives \(k\)-curves that violate the local-global principle. The author also sketches other constructions of curves violating the local-global principle, due to some other authors (an effective variant of a construction of Atkin-Lehner).