Bounding \(\lambda_2\) for Kähler-Einstein metrics with large symmetry groups (Q403625)

In this paper the authors determine a formula, which gives an upper bound to the second eigenvalue of the Laplacian on the compact toric Kähler-Einstein manifolds and on the compact cohomogeneity one Kähler-Einstein manifolds of \textit{N. Koiso} and \textit{Y. Sakane} [Osaka J. Math. 25, No. 4, 933--959 (1988; Zbl 0704.53052)]. They also give several numerical evaluations of this upper bound in complex dimensions \(1\), \(2\) and \(3\). The formula is obtained as follows. For each of the above manifolds, the eigenspace \(V_{\lambda_1}\) of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian is explicitly known and it consists of certain \(G\)-invariant functions (here, \(G\) is \(T^n\) or the cohomogeneity one isometry group of Koiso-Sakane examples, respectively). Then the authors determine the orthogonal complement \(W\) to \(V_{\lambda_1}\oplus \mathbb R\) inside an appropriate space of \(G\)-invariant functions and find an explicit formula for \(\kappa := \inf_{\eta \in W} \|\nabla \eta\|_{L^2}/\| \eta\|_{L^2}\). Since the space \(W\) is surely included in the orthogonal complement \((V_{\lambda_1} \oplus \mathbb R)^\perp\) in the space of \(L^2\)-integrable functions, the value \(\kappa\) gives an upper bound for second eigenvalue, whose exact value is known to be \(\lambda_2 = \inf_{\eta \in (V_{\lambda_1}\oplus \mathbb R)^\perp} \|\nabla \eta\|_{L^2}/\| \eta\|_{L^2}\).