No label defined (Q4529472)

The authors introduce and discuss so called implicit functions over free groups in the setting of algebraic geometry over groups. They prove an implicit function theorem: Let \(S:=T(X,Y)=1\) be an equation over a free group \(F\), \(|X|=m\), \(|Y|=n\). Suppose that for any \(A\) from a regular neighborhood \(V_F(S)\subset F^m\) there exists a tuple of elements \(B\in F^n\) such that \(T(A, B)=1\). Then there exists a tuple of words \(P=(p_1(X),\dots,p_n(X))\), with constants from \(F\), such that \(T(A,P(A))=1\) for any \(A\in V_F(S)\). The derived implicit function theorem is applied to the genus problem for free groups. It is shown that for each \(n\geq 4\) the genus of the equation \(x_1^2\cdots x_n^2=1\) over a non-Abelian free group \(F\) is infinite. Thus a question by Gaglione and Spellman is answered. Also it is proved that for any non-Abelian free group \(F\) and any infinite cardinal \(\lambda\) the Abelianization \(Ab(F^\lambda)\) of the Cartesian power \(F^\lambda\) has non-trivial elements of order \(2\). This is the answer to another question by Gaglione and Spellman. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0980.00048].