A NOTE ON SPECIAL RADICALS AND PARTITIONS OF SIMPLE RINGS (Q4532452)

It is well known that for every partition \((\eta,\zeta)\) of simple rings, the lower radical \({\mathcal L}\eta\) is strictly contained in the upper radical \({\mathcal U}\zeta\). In the current paper it is shown that for any partition \((\eta,\zeta)\) of the class of prime simple rings, the lower special radical \({\mathcal L}_{\text{sp}}\eta\) is strictly contained in the dual special radical \({\mathcal U}s(\zeta)\), where \(s(\zeta):=\{A\mid A\) is subdirectly irreducible with heart \(H(A)\in\zeta\}\). It is further shown that if certain constraints are imposed on the partition \((\eta,\zeta)\), then the classes \({\mathcal L}_{\text{sp}}\eta\) and \({\mathcal U}s(\zeta)\) may be distinguished by a polynomial ring. In particular, if \(\zeta\) either contains no countable simple rings without unity or contains no countable fields of characterstic \(0\), then there exists a ring \(A\) such that \(A[x]\in{\mathcal U}s(\zeta)\setminus{\mathcal L}_{\text{sp}}\eta\). (Also submitted to MR).