Operators with hypercyclic Cesaro means (Q4549356)

Let \(T\) be a bounded linear operator on complex Banach space \(B\) and consider the arithmetic means \(M_n(T)= (I+ T+\cdots+ T^{n-1})/n\). The operator \(T\) is said to be hypercyclic if there exists a vector \(x\) in \(B\) such that the orbit \(\{T^n x\}\) is dense in \(B\). If there exists a vector \(x\) in \(B\) such that the orbit \(\{M_n(T)x\}_{n\geq 1}\) is dense in \(B\), then the operator \(T\) is said to be Cesàro-hypercyclic and the vector \(x\) is called a Cesàro-hypercyclic vector. The first result of this paper states that an operator \(T\) is Cesàro-hypercyclic if and only if there exists a vector \(x\) such that the orbit \(\{n^{-1} T^nx\}\) is dense in \(B\). By this result, the author characterizes the unilateral and bilateral weighted shifts whose arithmetic means are hypercyclic. As a consequence, it is shown that for the unilateral shifts, Cesàro-hypercyclicity implies hypercyclicity, and for the bilateral weighted shifts case, there are still examples that are not hypercyclic, but are Cesàro-hypercyclic. Moreover, this interesting survey shows that any separable Banach space admits a Cesàro-hypercyclic operator. Finally, we see that although both classes of hypercyclic operators and Cesàro-hypercyclic operators are quite different, yet their norm closures have the same spectral characterization.