Floer cohomology in the mirror of the projective plane and a binodal cubic curve (Q465460)

Mirror symmetry is an intricate geometric duality that emerges from string theory and has been intensively investigated by mathematicians since the early '90-s. In 1994 Kontsevich proposed an influential conceptualization of mirror symmetry in terms of triangulated categories encoding algebraic and symplectic information and equivalences between them, which is known as the Homological Mirror Symmetry (HMS) conjecture. At around the same time \textit{A. Strominger} et al. [Nucl. Phys., B 479, No. 1--2, 243--259 (1996; Zbl 0896.14024)] argued that the mechanism underpinning mirror symmetry is a geometric construction known as T-duality. The work under review explores Kontsevich's HMS and the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow (SYZ) picture of mirror symmetry in the important example of a projective plane together with a binodal cubic curve (that is, the union of a quadric and a line). As explained by Hori and Vafa the mirror of a pair \((X, D)\), where \(X\) is a Fano variety and \(D\) is an anticanonical divisor, is a Landau-Ginzburg model: that is, a Kähler manifold \(X^\vee\) equipped with a superpotential \(w : X^\vee \rightarrow \mathbb C\). The mirror of \((X, D)\) when \(X\) is \(\mathbb P^2\) and \(D\) is a binodal cubic was first constructed by Auroux. What makes this example interesting is that, since \(D\) is not toric, the SYZ torus fibration on \(\mathbb P^2 - D\) acquires a singularity and as a consequence standard techniques in mirror symmetry break down. HMS predicts in this setting the existence of a collection \(\{L(d)\}_{d \in \mathbb N \geq 0}\) of Lagrangian submanifolds of \(X^\vee\), which are compatible with \(w\), and are mirror to the ample sequence \(\{\mathcal O(d)\}_{d \in \mathbb N \geq 0}\) on \(\mathbb P^2\). This means that the following two properties should hold: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] For all \(d' > d\) there are isomorphisms \[ \psi_{d,d'} : HF^0 (L(d), L(d)' ) \rightarrow \Hom^0 (\mathcal O(d), \mathcal O(d')). \] \item [(2)] The isomorphisms \(\psi_{d,d'}\) interpolate the triangle product in Floer cohomology and the multiplication of rational functions. \end{itemize}} The main goal of the paper is to prove Properties (1) and (2). The first step is the construction of the collection \(\{L(d)\}_{d \in \mathbb N \geq 0}\), which relies on the SYZ picture of mirror symmetry. The isomorphisms \(\psi_{d,d'}\) from (1) give rise to bases of rational functions which are related to the theory of cluster algebras, and fit in a broad picture of theta functions and mirror symmetry which is the focus of ongoing works by Abouzaid, Gross, Hacking, Keel, Kontsevich, Siebert and others. The main technical challenge consists in computing the triangle products in Floer cohomology, and thus proving (2). This reduces to a difficult count of sections of a Lefschetz fibration on \(X^\vee\), which is carried out by means of TQFT techniques going back to work of Seidel. In the last sections of the paper the author compares his work with a conjectural proposal of Abouzaid, Gross and Siebert based on tropical geometry and discusses further applications. An especially interesting computation contained in the very last section identifies the structure sheaf of the complement of a conic in \(\mathbb C^2\), which is a cluster variety, and the wrapped Floer cohomology of a Lagrangian in the mirror. Connections between cluster geometry and mirror symmetry were subsequently investigated in work of Gross, Hacking, Keel, Kontsevich, and others and play a central role in much current research.