Multiple periodic solutions for non-canonical Hamiltonian systems with application to differential delay equations (Q477141)

By using a symplectic transformation for Hamiltonian systems, the authors establish the Maslov index for non-canonical Hamiltonian system. As an application of the Maslov index and Morse theory, the authors prove the existence of multiple periodic solutions for the non-canonical Hamiltonian system \[ \dot{x} = AH'(t, x), \] where \(A\) is a skew-symmetric matrix and \(H'(t, x)\) denotes the gradient of the Hamiltonian function \(H\) with respect to the variable \(x\). Moreover, by employing a variational method, the authors obtain the existence of multiple periodic solutions for a class of non-autonomous differential delay equation \[ \dot{x}(t) = -[f(t, x(t-T )) + f(t, x(t-2T )) + \cdots + f(t, x(t-(n-1)T ))], \] where \(T = \pi/n\) and \(f(t, x) \in C(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) is odd with respect to \(x\) and periodic in \(t\) with period \(T\), which can be changed to non-canonical Hamiltonian system.