Remarks on the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional quadratic (fractional) heat equation (Q490712)

The authors prove that the Cauchy problem associated with the one dimensional quadratic (fractional) heat equation \[ u_t=-(-\Delta)^\alpha u\mp u^2, \;t\in(0,T), \;x\in \mathbb R \text{ or } \mathbb T \] with \(0<\alpha\leq 1\) is well-posed in \(H^s\) for \(s\geq \max (-\alpha,1/2-2\alpha)\) except in the case \(\alpha=1/2\) where it is shown to be well-posed for \(s>-1/2\) and ill-posed for \(s=-1/2\). As a by-product, they obtain improved well-posedness results for the heat equation \(\alpha=1\) by reaching the end-point Sobolev index \(s=-1\). Finally, in the case \(1/2<\alpha\leq 1\), they obtain optimal results in the Besov spaces \(B_2^{s,q}\).