No label defined (Q4939622)

Let \(V\) denote the space \(\mathbb{R}^n\) or \(\mathbb{C}^n\), \(J(t_0)= [t_0,\infty)\), \(t\geq 0\), \(\phi(t)\) denotes the fundamental matrix of the linear system \[ x'(t)= A(t) x(t),\tag{1} \] corresponding to the initial system \[ y'(t)= A(t) y(t)+ f(t,y(t));\tag{2} \] \(x(t,t_0,\xi)\) is the solution to (1) with initial condition \(\xi\) at \(t= t_0\); \(h(t)\), \(k(t)\) are positive continuous functions on \(J(t_0)\) such that \(h(0)= k(0)= 1\); let \[ |f|_\infty= \sup\{|f(t)|: t\in J(0)\}\quad\text{and}\quad |f|_h=|h^{-1}f|_\infty; \] \(C_h(J(t_0))\) is the space of continuous functions satisfying \(|f|_h<\infty\); \[ V_h= \{\xi\in V; x(t,t_0, \xi)\in C_h(J(0))\}. \] It is assumed that the continuous function \(f(t,y)\) satisfies the condition (F): There exists a positive function \(\gamma\) such that \(|f(t,y)|\leq\gamma(t)|y|^\alpha\), \(0\leq\alpha\leq 1\). Moreover, the function \(\gamma(t)\) has the property: \(\limsup_{t\to\infty} e^{\beta t}|\gamma(t)|= 0\), \(\beta< 0\). The main result is the theorem: Assume that (1) has an \((h,k)\)-dichotomy and condition (F) is fulfilled. Moreover, assume that exists \(\rho_0\) such that for \(0<\rho< \rho_0\), \(KC\rho^\alpha \int^\infty_{t_0} h(s)^{-1} \gamma(s) k(s)^\alpha ds< \rho\). Then, if \(V_h\neq V_k\), the null-solution to (2) is \(h\)-unstable in \(J(t_0)\). Thus, this paper complements results on the instability by \textit{W. A. Coppel} [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 39, 255-260 (1964; Zbl 0128.08205)] for the class of systems satisfying condition (F).