No label defined (Q4950674)

Let \(M\) be a \(\Gamma\)-ring and \(I\triangleleft M\). If \(K\triangleleft M\) and \(K\subseteq I\), we say that \(K\) is \(M\)-essential in \(I\) if \(0\neq H\triangleleft M\), \(H\subseteq I\) implies \(H\cap K\neq 0\). Let \(\sigma\) be a radical class. We say \(M\) is essentially \(\sigma\)-radical if \(\sigma(M)\) is \(M\)-essential in \(M\). The class of essentially \(\sigma\)-radical \(\Gamma\)-rings is denoted \(\varepsilon(\sigma)\). If \(K\triangleleft M\) and \(K\in\varepsilon(\sigma)\), then \(K\) is an essentially \(\sigma\)-radical ideal of \(M\). Similar concepts were introduced for rings by G. F. Birkenmeier. It was shown by Booth that every supernilpotent radical \(\rho\) of rings introduces a corresponding supernilpotent radical \(\rho_\Gamma\) (or simply \(\rho\) if this causes no ambiguity) of \(\Gamma\)-rings in a natural way. \(\overline\rho(M)\) (resp. \(\overline\rho(R)\)) denotes the sum of the essentially \(\rho\)-radical ideals of \(M\) (resp. \(R\)). After proving some basic results similar to those for rings, the authors consider matrix \(\Gamma\)-rings and the operator rings. It is shown that if \(M\) is a \(\Gamma\)-ring with right operator ring \(R\), and \(M\Gamma x=0\) implies \(x=0\) for all \(x\in M\), then (1) \(M\in\varepsilon(\rho)\) if and only if \(R\in\varepsilon(\rho)\). (2) \([\Gamma,\overline\rho(M)]\subseteq\overline\rho(R)\). Let \(M_{m,n}\) denote the \(\Gamma_{n,m}\)-ring of \(m\times n\) matrices with entries from \(M\). If for all \(x\in M\), \(x\in M\Gamma x\Gamma M\) and \(\rho\) satisfies condition (*): If \(e\) is a nonzero idempotent element of \(R\), then \(eRe\in\rho\) if and only if \(R\in\rho\), then the following hold: (1) \(M\in\varepsilon(\rho)\) if and only \(R\in\varepsilon(\rho)_{m,n}\in\varepsilon(\rho)\) and (2) \(\overline\rho(M_{m,n})=(\overline\rho(M))_{m,n}\). Finally, the authors turn their attention to the Morita context ring \(M_2:=\left[\begin{smallmatrix} R &\Gamma\\ M &L\end{smallmatrix}\right]\), where \(M\) is a \(\Gamma_N\)-ring with right and left operator rings \(R\) and \(L\), respectively. The main result in this section is that if \(\rho\) satisfies (*), then \[ \left[\begin{matrix}[\Gamma,\overline\rho(M)]&\Gamma\overline\rho(M)\Gamma\\ \overline\rho(M) &[\overline\rho(M),\Gamma]\end{matrix}\right]=\overline\rho(M_2). \]