Generic properties of Padé approximants and Padé universal series (Q495592)

The authors give a thorough study of the distribution of poles of Padé approximants for so-called \textit{Padé universal series}. Let \(\Omega\) be a simply connected domain in \(\mathbb C\), containing the origin and let \(H(\Omega)\) be the set of holomorphic functions on \(\Omega\), subject to the topology of uniform convergence. For a compact subset \(K\) of \(\mathbb C\) denote by \(A(K)\) the set of continuous functions on \(K\), holomorphic in its interior, also endowed with the topology of uniform convergence. For a power series \(f=\sum_{n\geq 0}\,a_nz^n\), \(S_N(f)\) is the \(N\)-th partial sum \(\sum_{n=0}^N\,a_nz^n\). \vskip0.3cm A \textit{universal series} in \(\Omega\) with respect to an increasing sequence \(\mu=(p_n)_n\) of positive integers is a function in \(H(\Omega)\) such that, for any compact set \(K\subset\mathbb C\setminus\Omega\), with connected complement, and any function \(h\in H(K)\), there is a subsequence \((\lambda_n)_n\) of \(\mu\) such that the sequence of partial sums \(S_{\lambda_n}(f)\) converges to \(h\) in \(A(K)\), while it converges to \(f\) in \(H(\Omega)\). \vskip0.3cm Let \({\mathcal S}=(p_n,q_n)_n\) be a sequence of pairs of non-negative integers; a \textit{Padé universal series} in \(\Omega\) with respect to \(\mathcal S\) is a function \(f\in H(\Omega)\) such that, for every compact set \(K\) in \(\mathbb C\setminus\Omega\), with connected complement, and every function \(h\in H(K)\), there exists a subsequence \({\mathcal S}'\) of \(\mathcal S\), such that \[ \begin{align*}{ (i)\ [f; p_n/q_n]\text{ converges to }h\text{ in }A(K)\text{ along the subsequence }{\cal S}', \cr (ii) [f; p_n/q_n]\text{ converges to }f\text{ in }H(\Omega)\text{ along the subsequence }{\cal S}'.}\end{align*} \] After a section devoted too preliminaries on Padé approximation (section \S2), the paper has the following layout: \vskip0.3cm \S3: Behavior of poles of Padé approximants \quad a.o. results on the subset of the space \(\mathbf{F}\) of all formal power series \(\sum_{n\geq 0}\,a_nz^n\) for which the set of the \quad poles/zeros of the entire table is dense in \(\mathbb C\). \S4: A particular set of Padé universal series and applications (14 pages!) \S5: From universal series to Padé universal series \quad connection between classical and Padé universal series, introduction of \textit{Ostrowski gaps}.