Local mean dimension of ASD moduli spaces over the cylinder (Q499002)

The subject of this interesting paper is the calculation of Gromov's mean dimension for dynamical systems on infinite-dimensional moduli spaces. The authors focus on the moduli space associated with the Yang-Mills anti-self-dual (ASD) equation on the cylinder \(X = \mathbb R \times S^3\). In other words, they consider the trivial principal \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\)-bundle over the cylinder (this bundle is enough, as it is isomorphic to any principal \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\)-bundle over the cylinder), and look at the associated ASD-connections, namely those connections \(A\) whose curvature \(F_A : \wedge^2 TX \to X \times \mathrm{su}(2)\) satisfies \(\ast F_A = - F_A\) (here \(\ast\) is the Hodge star operator). Inspired by Nevanlinna's theory, one considers for any non-negative \(d\) the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}_d\) of isomorphism classes of connections which satisfy \(||F_A||_{\mathrm{op}}\leq d\), where \(|| \cdot ||_{\mathrm{op}}\) stands for the supremum of the operator norm. Each of these moduli spaces admits a natural action by \(\mathbb R\), whence it is a dynamical system. Moreover, each \(\mathcal{M}_d\) is infinite-dimensional for \(d > 1\). The authors provide an explicit calculation of the local mean dimension of \(\mathcal{M}_d\) in terms of a certain energy density \(\rho\) that they introduce. Their formula is valid for almost every \(d \geq 0\), leaving out a certain discontinuity locus of \(\rho\). The techniques used generalize earlier work of the authors [J. Am. Math. Soc. 28, No. 1, 159--182 (2015; Zbl 1307.32013)], where the mean dimension of a system of holomorphic curves was studied. The paper is clearly written and the introduction gives a thorough overview of the methods developed in the paper.