The Collins-Roscoe structuring mechanism, \(D\)-spaces and related topics (Q500926)

Let \((X,\tau)\) be a \(T_1\)-topological space and for each \(x\in X\) let \(\mathcal{W}(x)\) be a family of subsets of \(X\), each containing \(x\). \(\{\mathcal{W}(x):x\in X\}\) is said to satisfy (F) if for every \(x\in U\in\tau\) there exists \(V\in\tau\), with \(x\in V\), such that if \(y\in V\), then there is \(W\in\mathcal{W}(y)\) satisfying \(x\in W\subset U\). Condition (F) is known as the Collins-Roscoe structuring mechanism and appeared for the first time in [\textit{P. J. Collins} and \textit{A. W. Roscoe}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 90, 631--640 (1984; Zbl 0541.54034)]. In this article the authors give the following definitions: { Definition 1:} Let \(\kappa\) be an infinite cardinal. A family \(\mathcal{F}\) of subsets of \(X\) is a \(\kappa\)-\textit{shelter in \(X\)} if for every \(A\subset X\) and every subfamily \(\mathcal{R}=\{R_a:a\in A, a\in R_a\in\mathcal{F}\}\) with \(\bigcap\mathcal{R}\neq\emptyset\) there exists a subset \(F\) of \(A\) with \(|F|<\kappa\) such that \(A\subset\bigcup_{a\in F}R_a\). If \(\mathcal{F}\) is an \(\omega\)-shelter, then \(\mathcal{F}\) is called a \textit{shelter}. If \(\mathcal{F}\) is a countable union of shelters then \(\mathcal{F}\) is called a \(\sigma\)-\textit{shelter}. { Definition 2:} Let \(\kappa\) be an infinite cardinal. A space \(X\) is a \(\sigma\)-\textit{sheltering} (respectively, \(\kappa\)-\textit{sheltering}) (F) \textit{space} if there exists a family \(\{\mathcal{W}(x):x\in X\}\) satisfying (F) such that for each \(x\in X\), \(\mathcal{W}(x)\) is a \(\sigma\)-shelter (respectively, \(\mathcal{W}(x)\) is a \(\kappa\)-shelter). The authors show that \(\Sigma_*\)-products of \(\sigma\)-sheltering (F) spaces are also \(\sigma\)-sheltering (F) spaces and that the \(\sigma\)-sheltering (F) spaces are hereditarily \(D\)-spaces; the latter result improves some previous results obtained by \textit{G. Gruenhage} [Topology Appl. 153, No. 13, 2229--2240 (2006; Zbl 1101.54029)] and \textit{X. Yuming} [Acta Math. Hung. 139, No. 3, 245--251 (2013; Zbl 1289.54077)]. They also prove that \(\omega_1\)-sheltering (F) spaces are hereditarily \(D_\sigma\)-spaces and hereditarily transitively \(D\)-spaces. As a corollary they show that monotonically normal \(\omega_1\)-sheltering (F) spaces are hereditarily paracompact.