On the local-global divisibility of torsion points on elliptic curves and \(\operatorname{GL}_{2}\)-type varieties (Q503707)

Let \(\mathcal A\) be a commutative algebraic group over an algebraic number field \(k\). We say that the local-global divisibility by a positive integer \(N\) over \({\mathcal A}(k)\) holds if a point of \({\mathcal A}(k)\) which is divisible by \(N\) in the group \({\mathcal A}(k_v)\) for all but finitely many valuations \(v\) of \(k\) is divisible by \(N\) in the group \({\mathcal A}(k)\). In the case where \(N=p^n\) is a power of a prime number \(p\), it has been proved in [\textit{R. Dvornicich} and \textit{U. Zannier}, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 129, No. 3, 317--338 (2001; Zbl 0987.14016)] that the local-global divisibility by \(p^n\) over \({\mathcal A}(k)\) holds if the first local cohomology group \(H^1_{\text{loc}}(\text{Gal}(k({\mathcal A}[p^n])/k),{\mathcal A}[p^n])=0\). In this article, based on this cohomological result and by restricting their interest to torsion points of \(\mathcal A\), the authors show the following results: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] For torsion points on an elliptic curve, the local-global divisibility by any power of an odd prime number holds. Further they provide a counterexample in the case \(p=2\). \item[(ii)] Let \({\mathcal A}\) be a \(\text{GL}_2\)-type abelian variety defined over a number field \(k\), that is, \(\text{End}_k({\mathcal A})\otimes\mathbb Q\) contains a field \(E\) of degree \([E:k]=\dim ({\mathcal A})\). Let \(p\) be a good odd prime number that splits completely in \(E\). Then the local-global divisibility by any power of \(p\) holds for the torsion points of \({\mathcal A}(k)\). It is proved that the condition on \(p\) is necessary by considering the case where \(\dim({\mathcal A})=2\). \end{itemize}} As an application of the result (ii), a similar result is obtained for an abelian surface with quaternionic multiplication by an order in an indefinite quaternion algebra over \(\mathbb Q\).