The Hall algebra of a curve (Q508420)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective irreducible curve over a finite field \(F_q\), and let \(\mathcal{B}un(X)\) be the category of vector bundles on \(X\). The Hall algebra \(H\) of \(\mathcal{B}un(X)\), is an associative non-commutative algebra whose elements are finitely supported functions on the set of isomorphism classes of objects of \(\mathcal{B}un(X)\). The functions take value in a field \(k\) of characteristic \(0\). The multiplication is given by counting short exact sequences of bundles. This algebra is an object of remarkable depth which exhibits connections with other areas of mathematics. The goal of the paper under review is to give a description of the full algebra \(H\) as a Feigin-Odesskii shuffle algebra. This shuffle algebra corresponds to the scheme \(S\) of all cusp eigenforms and to the rational function of two variables on \(S\) coming from the Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-functions. This means that the zeroes of these \(L\)-functions control all the relations in \(H\). The scheme \(S\) is a disjoint union of countably many \(\mathbb{G}_m\)-orbits. The result extends some known results for the subalgebra in \(H\) generated by line bundles. In particular, in the case when \(X\) has a theta-characteristic defined over the base field, the authors embed \(H\) into the space of regular functions on the symmetric powers of \(S\). The importance of describing the full algebra \(H\) is that it comes with a natural basis formed by individual vector bundles, and it is interesting to study the symmetric polynomials on 1-dimensional scheme with countably many components corresponding to these bundles.