The Loewner equation for multiple slits, multiply connected domains and branch points (Q517230)

Let \(\gamma:[0,T]\to\overline{\mathbb D}\) be a simple curve in the closure \(\overline{\mathbb D}\) of the unit disk \(\mathbb D=\{z:|z|<1\}\) with \(\Gamma:=\gamma(0,T]\subset\mathbb D\setminus\{0\}\) and \(\gamma(0)\in\partial\mathbb D\). For every \(t\in[0,T]\), the domain \(\Omega_t:=\mathbb D\setminus\gamma[0,t]\) is mapped onto \(\mathbb D\) by a conformal map \(g_t\), \(g_t(0)=0\), \(g_t'(0)>0\). The value \(\log g_t'(0)\) is called the logarithmic mapping radius and denoted \(\text{lmr}(g_t)\). It is known that the function \(c(t):=\text{lmr}(g_t)\) is differentiable at \(t_0\) if and only if the family \(\{g_t\}_{t\in[0,T]}\) is differentiable at \(t=t_0\). In this case, \(g_t\) satisfies the Loewner differential equation \[ \dot g_{t_0}(z)=\dot c(t_0)g_{t_0}(z)\frac{\xi(t_0)+g_{t_0}(z)}{\xi(t_0)-g_{t_o}(z)},\quad\xi(t_0)= \lim_{z\to\gamma(t_0)}g_{t_0}(z), \] and \(\gamma\) is a \(\mathbb D\)-Loewner parametrization for \(\Gamma\) at \(t_0\). Now let \(g_t\) be a conformal mapping from \(\Omega_t:=\mathbb D\setminus\{\gamma_1[0,T]\cup\gamma_2[0,T]\}\) onto \(\mathbb D\), \(g_t(0)=0\), \(g_t'(0)>0\). The authors prove the following theorems for simply connected domains. Theorem 1.2: Suppose that \(t_0\in[0,T]\) such that \(\gamma_1(t_0)\neq\gamma_2(t_0)\). Then the following two conditions are equivalent: (1) For \(j=1,2\), \(\gamma_j\) is a \(\mathbb D\)-Loewner parametrization for \(\Gamma_j\) at \(t_0\); (2) The function \(t\mapsto g_t(z)\) is differentiable at \(t_0\) for every \(z\in\Omega_{t_0}\). Theorem 1.3: There exist two slits \(\Gamma_1\) and \(\Gamma_2\) in \(\mathbb D\) with \(\overline{\Gamma_1}\cap\overline{\Gamma_2}=\{p\}\subset\partial\mathbb D\) with \(\mathbb D\)-Loewner parametrization \(\gamma_k:[0,T]\to\Gamma_k\) in \([0,T]\), \(k=1,2\), such that the function \(t\mapsto g_t(z)\), \(z\in\Omega_T\), is not differentiable at \(t=0\). Theorem 1.5: Let \(b_1,b_2\geq0\), \(\gamma_1(0)=\gamma_2(0)\), and assume that \(\Gamma_j\) approaches \(\partial\mathbb D\) in \(\alpha_j\)-direction with \(\alpha_1\leq\alpha_2\). Let \(\gamma_j\) be a \(\mathbb D\)-Loewner parametrization for \(\Gamma_j\) at \(t=0\) for \(j=1\) and \(j=2\) with \(b_1=\dot c_1(0)\) and \(b_2=\dot c_2(0)\). Then the function \(t\mapsto g_t(z)\) is differentiable at \(t=0\) for every \(z\in\Omega\). If \(b_1=0\) or \(b_2=0\), then \(\dot c(0)=\max\{b_1,b_2\}\). If \(b_1,b_2>0\), then \(\max\{b_1,b_2\}\leq\dot c(0)<b_1+b_2\), \(\dot c(0)=\max\{b_1,b_2\}\) if and only if \(\alpha_1=\alpha_2\), and \(\dot c(0)\to b_1+b_2\) as \((\alpha_1,\alpha_2)\to(0,\pi)\). Furthermore, the authors look at the problem in the case of multiply connected domains with its corresponding Komatu-Loewner equation and show that the differentiability of \(t\mapsto g_t(z)\) at \(t_0\) can be reduced to the differentiability for each single slit with respect to the simply connected domain \(\mathbb D\).