A sufficient condition for a rational differential operator to generate an integrable system (Q521595)

Most of integrable systems are generated by pseudo-differential operators \(L\) in the class of rational operators \(L=AB^{-1}\), where \(A,B\) are two differential operators. In this paper \(L\) is defined to be integrable if \((A,B)\) is an integrable pair of differential operators. Under the assumption that there exists a sequence of functions \(F_n\), \(n\geq 0\), such that \(B(F_{n+1})=A(F_n)\) for all \(n\geq 0\) and that the set of differential orders of \(B(F_n)\) is unbounded, the author proves that the functions \(B(F_n)\) pairwise commute, so that Lenard-Magri scheme of integration is fulfilled, if and only if \(L\) is an integrable operator. The technique is then applied to test the integrability of all the equations in the classification list of \textit{J. A. Sanders} and \textit{J. P. Wang} [Lect. Notes Phys. 767, 89--118 (2009; Zbl 1180.35466)]. Finally the special class of weakly non-local operators introduced in [\textit{A. Ya. Maltsev} and \textit{S. P. Novikov}, Physica D 156, No. 1--2, 53--80 (2001; Zbl 0991.37041)] coincides with a special subclass of rational operators \(L\) and their integrability is characterized in the above framework.