On the motive of some hyperKähler varieties (Q521676)

This paper studies an analogue of the decomposition of the motive of an abelian variety for the motive of the Hilbert scheme of length\(-n\) subschemes on a \(K3\) surface or an abelian surface. Conjecture. Let \(k\) be a field. Let \(X\) be a hyperKähler variety of dimension \(2n\). Then the Chow motive \(\mathfrak{h}(X)\) of \(X\) splits as \[ \mathfrak{h}(X)=\bigoplus_{i=0}^{4n} \mathfrak{h}^i(X) \] with the property that (i) \(H^*(\mathfrak{h}^i(X),{\mathbb{Q}})=H^i(X,{\mathbb{Q}})\), (ii) the multiplication morphism \(\mathfrak{h}(X)\otimes\mathfrak{h}(X)\to \mathfrak{h}(X)\) factors through the direct summand \(\mathfrak{h}^{i+j}(X)\) when restricted to \(\mathfrak{h}^i(X)\otimes\mathfrak{h}^j(X)\). An affirmative answer to the above conjecture is given for the motive of the Hilbert scheme \(S^{[n]}\) of length-\(n\) subscheme on a \(K3\) surface \(S\). Theorem 1. Let \(S\) be either a \(K3\) surface or an abelian surface, and let \(n\) be a positive integer. Then the Chow motive \(\mathfrak{h}(S^{[n]})\) of \(S^{[n]}\) splits as \[ \mathfrak{h}(S^{[n]})=\bigoplus_{i=0}^{4n}\mathfrak{h}^i(S^{[n]}) \] satisfying the property (i) and (ii) in the Conjecture. Define for all \(i\geq 0\) and all \(s\in{\mathbb{Z}}\), \[ \mathrm{CH}^i(S^{[n]})_s:=\mathrm{CH}^i(\mathfrak{h}^{2i-s}(S^{[n]})). \] Theorem 2. The Chow ring \(\mathrm{CH}^*(S^{[n]})\) admits a multiplicative bigrading \[ \mathrm{CH}^*(S^{[n]})=\bigoplus_{i,s} \mathrm{CH}^i(S^{[n]})_s \] that is induced by a Chow-Künneth decomposition of the diagonal. Moreover, the Chern classes \(c_i(S^{[n]})\) belong to the graded-zero part \(\mathrm{CH}^i(S^{[n]})_0\) of \(\mathrm{CH}^i(S^{[n]})\). Corollary. Let \(i_1,\cdots, i_m\) be positive integers such that \(i_1+\cdots+i_m=2n-1\) or \(2n\), and let \(\gamma_{\ell}\) be cycles in \(\mathrm{CH}^i(S^{[n]})\) for \(\ell=1,\cdots, m\) that sit in \(\mathrm{CH}^{i_{\ell}}(S^{[n]})_0\) for the grading induced by the decomposition of Theorem 1. Then \([\gamma_1]\cdot[\gamma_2]\cdots [\gamma_m]=0\) in \(H^*(S^{[n]},{\mathbb{Q}})\) if and only if \(\gamma_1\cdot\gamma_2\cdots\gamma_m=0\) in \(\mathrm{CH}^*(S^{[n]})\). All these results are valid for hyperKähler varieties birational to \(S^{[n]}\), for some \(K3\) surface \(S\).