Twists and quantizations of Cartan type \(S\) Lie algebras (Q531327)

The generalized Witt algebra \(W\) in characteristic zero was studied by \textit{D. Z. ȯkovic} and \textit{K. Zhao} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 350, No. 2, 643--664 (1998; Zbl 0952.17015)] and quantized by \textit{N. Hu} and \textit{X. Wang} [J. Algebra 312, No. 2, 902--929 (2007; Zbl 1170.17002)]. In this latter paper, they also quantized the Jacobson-Witt \(W(n;1)\) in the characteristic \(p\) case. Based on \(W\), one can construct a Lie algebra \(S\) and some shifts \((x^N)S\) of \(S\) (\(N\) is a multi-index) which are subalgebras of \(W\) and are infinite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. These simple Lie algebras are referred to as generalized Cartan type \(S\) Lie algebras. They are triangular Lie bialgebras with classical Yang-Baxter r-matrices. They were studied by \textit{D. Z. ȯkovic} and \textit{K. Zhao} in [J. Algebra 193, No. 1, 144--179 (1997; Zbl 0978.17015)]. In the paper under review, Hu and Wang quantize the generalized Cartan type \(S\) Lie algebras in characteristic zero. In the characteristic \(p\) case, they also quantize \(S(n;1)\), which is the derived algebra of a certain subalgebra of \(W(n;1)\). \(S(n;1)\) is studied in the book of \textit{H. Strade} [Simple Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic. I: Structure theory. Berlin: de Gruyter (2004; Zbl 1074.17005)]. Quantization of a Lie bialgebra \(L\) in characteristic zero means roughly giving a Hopf algebra stucture to \(U(L)[[t]]\) such that \(U(L)[[t]]/(tU(L)[[t]])\) is isomorphic to \(U(L)\). The description is more complicated in characteristic \(p\). While Etingof and Kazhdan have shown this is theoretically possible in characteristic zero, it can be difficult to obtain a precise construction in a given Lie bialgebra. In the paper under review, the authors use certain explicit Drinfeld twists \(F\) in \(H\) tensor \(H\) (\(H=U(L)\) for \(L\) the Lie bialgebra to be quantized). In characteristic zero, the explicit Drinfeld twists are used to obtain vertical basic twists and horizontal basic twists for the generalized Cartan type \(S\) Lie bialgebras (it would be too technical to describe them here). For the characteristic \(p\) case, they construct quantization integral forms in the characteristic zero case. Then they use modulo \(p\) and modulo ``\(p\)-restrictedness'' reduction to quantize the finite-dimensional restricted algebra \(u(S(n;1))\). The result is a new class of noncommutative noncocommutative Hopf algebras of dimension a power of \(p\) which contain the well-known Radford algebra [\textit{D. E. Radford}, Am. J. Math. 99, 139--158 (1977; Zbl 0369.16011)] as a Hopf subalgebra.