Schatten class Fourier integral operators (Q550491)

Let \( \phi \in {\mathcal S}(\mathbb{R}^{d}) \) and consider \(c\) to be a permutation of \(\left\{ 1,2,\dots, 2d\right\}\) (identified with the bijection \(mc: \mathbb{R}^{2d} \to \mathbb{R}^{2d}\) given by \(mc(x_{1},\dots x_{2d}) = (x_{c(1)}, \dots, x_{c(2d)})\)). The \textit{mixed modulation space}, \(M(c)^{p_{1}, p_{2}, \dots, p_{2d}}\), consists of all \(f \in {\mathcal S}'(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) for which \[ \left\| f \right\|_{M(c)^{p_{1}, p_{2}, \dots, p_{2d}}} = \left\| V_{\phi} f \circ mc \right\|_{L^{p_{1}, p_{2}, \dots, p_{2d}}} < \infty, \] where \(V_{\phi} f\) denotes the Gabor transform (or short-time Fourier transform) of \(f\). Note that the mixed modulation spaces generalize the traditional modulation spaces \(M^{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). Namely, if \(c\) is the identity permutation, and \(p = p_{1} = p_{2} = \dots = p_{d}\), \( q = p_{d+1} = \dots = p_{2d} \), then \( M(c)^{p_{1}, p_{2}, \dots, p_{2d}} = M^{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). The author uses time-frequency analysis techniques to characterize Schatten class Fourier integral operators via the mixed modulation spaces. For operators of the form \[ Af(x) = \int a(x,\xi) \widehat{f}(\xi) e^{2 \pi i \varphi(x,\xi)} \, {d} \xi \] (where \(a\) is the symbol and \(\varphi\) is the phase function of the operator), it is shown that inclusion of the symbol in \(M(c)^{2,\dots,2, p,\dots,p}\) for certain permutations \(c\) and \(p \in [1,2]\) almost guarantees that the operator is Schatten \(p\)-class when the phase is smooth. The author also obtains that, if the symbol of a Fourier integral operator of the form \[ Af(x) = \iint b(x,y, \xi) f(y) e^{2 \pi i \psi(x,y,\xi)} \, {d} y \, {d} \xi \] belongs to the mixed modulation space \(M(c)^{2, \dots, 2,p, \dots, p,1,\infty}\) or \(M(c)^{\infty, 2, \dots, 2,p, \dots, p,1}\) for appropriate permutations \(c\) and if the phase function is sufficiently smooth, then the operator is Schatten \(p\)-class for \( p \in [1,2]\). The results for Fourier integral operators of the last form are sharp in the sense that larger mixed modulation spaces contain symbols of Fourier integral operators that are not Schatten \(p\)-class.