Torsion-free modules of finite balanced-projective dimension over valuation domains. (Q5928858)

This paper provides several characterizations of a torsion-free \(R\)-module \(M\) over a valuation domain \(R\) to be of finite balanced-projective dimension. In order to obtain those some new concepts are introduced. It is known that the balanced-projective dimension of \(M\) equals an integer \(n\geq 0\) (\(\text{bpd}(M)=n\)) if and only if \(n\) is the smallest index with \(\text{Bext}_R^{n+1}(M,-)=0\) (if no such \(n\) exists we have \(\text{bpd}(M)=\infty\)). Here \(\text{Bext}_R^n\) is a subfunctor of \(\text{Ext}_R^n\) consisting of balanced extensions. It is shown in the paper, that, for a torsion-free \(R\)-module \(M\) which is not completely decomposable (i.e. \(\text{bpd}(M)\geq 1\)), this is equivalent to any of the following statements: (i) \(\text{Bext}_R^{n+1}(M,T)=0\) for all torsion \(R\)-modules \(T\); (ii) \(\text{pd}(M/B)\leq n\) for any basic submodule \(B\) of \(M\) where `pd' denotes the projective dimension; (iii) there exists a balanced exact sequence \(0\rightarrow K\rightarrow C\rightarrow M\rightarrow 0\) where \(C\) is completely decomposable and \(\text{pd}(K)\leq n-1\); (iv) \(M\) has an \(n\)-balanced chain, that is, \(M\) is the union of a smooth ascending chain of pure submodules \(0=A_0\subset \ldots \subset A_\alpha\subset A_{\alpha+1}\subset\ldots \) with \(A_\alpha\) \(n\)-balanced in \(A_{\alpha+1}\) and \(A_{\alpha+1}/A_\alpha\) of rank \(1\) for each \(\alpha\), where a submodule \(A\) of an \(R\)-module \(B\) with \(B/A\) torsion-free is \(n\)-balanced in \(B\) if, for any rank-1 pure submodule \(L/A\) of \(B/A\), either \(A\) is a direct summand of \(L\) or \(L/A\) is \(\aleph_{n-1}\)-generated; {(v)} \(M\) has an \(\aleph_n\)-family of \(n\)-balanced submodules and every pure submodule of \(M\) of rank \(\leq \aleph_{n-1}\) is \(n\)-balanced in \(M\), where the notion of an \(\aleph_n\)-family is an adaption of the Hill's concept of an axiom-3 family. Furthermore, as consequences of the above characterizations the authors obtain the inequality \(\text{bpd}(M)\leq \text{pd}(M)\) and deduce a characterization for a pure submodule \(A\) of an \(R\)-module \(M\) with \(\text{bpd}(M)\leq n\) to be of balanced-projective dimension at most \(n\); in particular, they give a criterion for a pure submodule of a free \(R\)-module to be free.