Bicharacters, twistings, and Scheunert's theorem for Hopf algebras (Q5929450)

A color Lie algebra \(L\) is a \(G\)-graded algebra, where \(G\) is an abelian group and the multiplication in \(L\) is defined using ``commutation factor'' \(\beta:G\times G\to k^*\). This mapping is skew-symmetric and it is also called bicharacter. Also, one has a decomposition \(G=G_+\cup G_-\), where \(G_+\subset G\) is a subgroup of index \(\leq 2\). The theorem of Scheunert states that a color Lie algebra can be obtained by a twisting from an ordinary Lie (super)algebra. Namely, let \(G\) be a finitely generated abelian group, \(k\) an algebraically closed field and consider a bicharacter \(\beta:G\times G\to k^*\) such that \(G=G_+\). Then there is a 2-cocycle \(\sigma: G\times G\to k^*\) such that one can write \(\beta\) as a ``skew-symmetrization'' of \(\sigma\); that is \(\beta(g,h)=\sigma(h,g)\sigma^{-1}(g,h)\) for any \(g,h\in G\). The object of this paper is to extend Scheunert's result to \((H,\beta)\)-Lie algebras, where \(H\) is a commutative and a cocommutative Hopf algebra and \(\beta\) is a skew-symmetric Hopf bicharacter on \(H\). When a Hopf algebra is cocommutative, it is proved that \(H=H_+\oplus H_-\) for some suitable subcoalgebras \(H_+\), \(H_-\). The central result is an extension of Scheunert's result: when \(H\) is cocommutative and \(\beta\) is a skew-symmetric bicharacter, then one can find a Hopf 2-cocycle \(\sigma\) on \(H\) so that \(\beta\) is a skew-symmetrization of \(\sigma\). Here it is assumed that for \(k\) of characteristic \(p>2\), \(H_1\), the irreducible component of 1 in \(H\), is generated by its primitive elements. Finally, the authors consider \((H,\beta)\)-Lie algebras and their twistings and extend another Scheunert's theorem. Let \(H\) be both commutative and cocommutative with the same assumptions on \(k\) and \(H_1\) and \(\beta\) has a suitable factorization involving some \(\sigma\). Then any such Lie algebra can be twisted using \(\sigma\) to an ordinary Lie algebra or to an ordinary Lie superalgebra.