Strong and Plancherel-Rotach asymptotics of non-diagonal Laguerre-Sobolev orthogonal polynomials (Q5937254)

pammary: We study properties of the monic polynomials \(\{Q_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) orthogonal with respect to the Sobolev inner product \[ (p,q)_S= \int^\infty_0 (p,p')\begin{pmatrix} 1 & \mu\\ \mu &\lambda\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} q\\ q'\end{pmatrix} x^\alpha e^{-x} dx, \] where \(\lambda- \mu^2> 0\) and \(\alpha> -1\). This inner product can be expressed as \[ (p,q)_S= \int^\infty_0 p(x) q(x)((\mu+ 1) x- \alpha\mu) x^{\alpha- 1} e^{-x} dx+ \lambda\int^\infty_0 p'q' x^\alpha e^{-x} dx, \] when \(\alpha> 0\). In this way, the measure which appears in the first integral is not positive on \([0,\infty)\) for \(\mu\in \mathbb{R}\setminus[- 1,0]\). The aim of this paper is the study of analytic properties of the polynomials \(Q_n\). First, we give an explicit representation for \(Q_n\) using an algebraic relation between Sobolev and Laguerre polynomials together with a recursive relation for \(\widetilde k_n= (Q_n,Q_n)_S\). Then we consider analytic aspects. We first establish the strong asymptotics of \(Q_n\) on \(\mathbb{C}\setminus[0,\infty)\) when \(\mu\in \mathbb{R}\) and we also obtain an asymptotic expression on the oscillatory region, that is, on \((0,\infty)\). Then we study the Plancherel-Rotach asymptotics for the Sobolev polynomials \(Q_n(nx)\) on \(\mathbb{C}\setminus[0, 4]\) when \(\mu\in (- 1,0]\). As a consequence of these results we obtain the accumulation sets of zeros and of the scaled zeros of \(Q_n\). We also give a Mehler-Heine type formula for the Sobolev polynomials which is valid on compact subsets of \(\mathbb{C}\) when \(\mu\in (-1,0]\), and hence in this situation we obtain a more precise result about the asymptotic behaviour of the small zeros of \(Q_n\). This result is illustrated with three numerical examples.