Étale endomorphisms of algebraic surfaces with \(G_m\)-actions (Q5947404)

In this paper, the authors study some aspects of complex affine surfaces that have a \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\)-fibration. A surface \(X\) is said to have a \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\)-fibration if there exists a surjective morphism \(\rho:X\to B\) where \(B\) is a smooth projective algebraic curve, and there is an open set of \(B\) over which the fibration is a trivial fiber bundle with fiber \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\). The main topic of this article is the generalized Jacobian problem: If \(X\) is a smooth algebraic surface and \(\varphi:X\to X\) is an étale endomorphism, is \(\varphi\) an automorphism? This question is of particular interest for Platonic \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\)-fiber spaces. These are surfaces which are isomorphic to the quotient of \({\mathbb{A}}^{2}\setminus \{0\}\), under the action of a non-cyclic finite subgroup \(G\) of \(GL(2,{\mathbb{C}})\) having no pseudo-reflections. It is shown that in this case, the generalized jacobian problem is equivalent to ask if an étale endomorphism of \({\mathbb{A}}^{2}\) commutes with the action of \(G\) is it necessarily an automorphism. A complete answer to the problem cannot be given, however, it is shown that if an étale endomorphism preserves the \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\)-fibration, then it is an automorphism. Next, the authors consider a surface \(X\) obtained by deleting the origin of a weighted hypersurface of \({\mathbb{A}}^{3}\) defined by an equation of the type \(x_{1}^{m_{1}}+x_{2}^{m_{2}}+x_{3}^{m_{3}}=0\). It is shown that if \(m_{1}\), \(m_{2}\) and \(m_{3}\) are pairwise coprime and all strictly larger than 1, then any étale endomorphism of \(X\) is an automorphism, with the possible exception of \(\{m_{1},m_{2},m_{3}\}=\{2,3,5\}\). Finally, the authors consider the general case of a surface \(X=\Sigma\setminus\{0\}\) where \(\Sigma\) is an affine normal complex surface endowed with an unmixed action of \(G_{m}={\mathbb{C}}^{*}\), such that \(0\) is the unique fixed point, and it is in the closure of every orbit. In this case, \(B=X/G_{m}\) is a smooth projective curve, and the quotient map is a \({\mathbb{C}}^{*}\)-fibration. It is shown, for example, that if the genus of the curve \(B\) is strictly bigger than 1, then the generalized jacobian conjecture holds for \(X\). However, if the genus of \(B\) is 1, the authors find counter-examples. An extensive study of when the problem has a positive answer is given.