Local solvability for a class of differential complexes (Q5960877)

The paper provides a complete proof of a Trèves conjecture (already proved in some special cases) on local solvability of certain differential complexes. The most concise, thus the most convenient for the purposes of this note, is the following formulation of the Trèves conjecture and the main result of the paper. Assume that a complex line subbundle \(T'\subset CT^*X\) of the complexified cotangent bundle \(CT^*X\) of a smooth manifold \(X\) defines a locally integrable structure, i.e. by definition it is locally spanned by the differential of a function. To such a subbundle there corresponds a differential complex \((\Lambda^* (CT^*X/T'),d)\) (where \(d\) is induced by the exterior differential on \(X)\). The complex is said to be solvable in degree \(q\) (at a point \(x)\) if it is locally (i.e. on the level of the sheaves of germs of (classes of) differential forms) exact in dimension \(q\) at the point \(x\). In dimension \(q=1\) this is equivalent to solvability of some overdetermined system of PDE, while in dimension \(q=\dim X-1\) -- to solvability of some underdetermined system of PDE. Let \(Z\) be a function, the differential of which generates \(T'\) in a neighborhood \(Y\) of \(x\), and for a complex number \(z\) let \(F(z,Y)\) be the fibre over \(z\) of \(Z\) restricted to \(Y\). Then the Trèves conjecture, and now a theorem of the authors, states that the above-defined complex is solvable in degree \(q\) at the point \(x\) if and only if for any open neighborhood \(Y\) of \(x\) there exists another open neighborhood \(Y'\subseteq Y\) such that, for any regular value \(z\) of \(Z\) the fiber \(F(z,Y')\) is either vacuous or the homomorphism of reduced homology groups \(\widetilde H_{q-1} (F(z,Y'),C) \to\widetilde H_{q-1} (F(z,Y),C)\) is trivial.