The lower Weyl spectrum of a positive operator (Q5962005)

The Fredholm spectrum of an operator \(T\) on a Banach space \(Z\) is the set \[ \sigma_f(T)= \{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}: \lambda-T\text{ is not a Fredholm operator}\}. \] The Weyl spectrum of \(T\) is the set \[ \sigma_w(T)= \bigcap_{K\in K(Z)}\sigma(T+ K), \] where \(\sigma\) denotes the spectrum and \(K(Z)\) is the set of all compact operators on \(Z\). The lower Weyl spectrum of \(T\) is the set \[ \sigma^-_w= \bigcap_{0\leq K\in K(Z)\leq T}\sigma(T- K). \] We have \(\sigma_f(T)\subseteq\sigma_w(T)\subseteq \sigma^-_w\subseteq\sigma(T)\). For a compact operator \(T\) on a Banach space \(Z\), we have \(\sigma_w(T)=\sigma_w(T^*)\), where \(T^*\) is the adjoint of \(T\). The following theorem is an analogue of this for the lower Weyl spectrum \(\sigma^-_w(T)\). Theorem. Each of the following ensures that, for a positive operator \(T\) on a Banach lattice \(E\), \(\sigma^-_w(T)= \sigma^-_w(T^*)\). {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\sigma_w(T)=\sigma^-_w(T)\). \item[(2)] \(\sigma^-_w(T)=\sigma^-_w(T^{**})\). \item[(3)] \(E\) has order continuous norm. \item[(4)] \(T\) is order continuous and there exists a Banach lattice \(F\) such that \(E= F^*\) and \(F= E^\sim_n\). Moreover, \(T^*(E^\sim_\sigma)\subseteq E^\sim_\sigma\). \end{itemize}} The author discusses and gives examples to show that order continuity of \(T\) is essential. Order continuity is also closely connected with the search conditions which guarantee order continuity of the residue \(T_{-1}\) of the resolvent \(R(.,T)\) of an order continuous positive operator \(T\) at the point \(r(T)\). To this end, the author gives the following result: Theorem. Let \(T\) be a positive order continuous operator on a Banach lattice \(E\) with \(r(T)\not\in\sigma_f(T)\). Then each of the following ensures that the residue \(T_{-1}\) of the resolvent \(R(.,T)\) at \(r(T)\) is order continuous: {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(T\) is order continuous; \item[(2)] The band \((E^\sim_n)^\circ\) is a projection band and the Lorenz seminorm is a norm on \((E^\sim_n)^\circ\). \end{itemize}} It turns out that the problem of order continuity of the residue \(T_{-1}\) of \(R(\cdot,T)\) at \(r(T)\) leads to a study of compact order continuous operators with trivial order continuous dual, and is connected with the approximation problem. This is treated in Section 7 of the paper.