Geometrization of principal series representations of reductive groups (Q5962670)

The present paper is concerned with a geometrization of principal series representations of a reductive group. If \(G\) is a connected split reductive group over a local field there is a description of families of these representations realized on spaces of functions on \(G\) invariant under the translation action of some suitable compact open subgroup. The authors construct categories of perverse sheaves whose traces recover the families associated to regular characters of \(T(\mathbb{F}_q[[t]])\) under some restrictions on \(q\). Let \(F = \mathbb{F}_q((t))\), \(\mathcal{O} = \mathbb{F}_q[[t]]\), \(G\) a connected split reductive group over \(\mathcal{O}\) and \(T\) a maximal split torus of \(G\). Fix a Borel \(B\) containing \(T\) and a character \(\bar{\mu}: T(\mathcal{O}) \to \bar{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}^*\). The character is called regular if it has trivial stabilizer under the Weyl group action. The groups \(G(F)\) and \(B(F)\) are then the sets of \(\mathbb{F}_q\)-points of group ind-schemes \(\mathbf{G}\) and \(\mathbf{B}\) over \(\mathbb{F}_q\). Now consider \(\Pi = \iota_{B(F)}^{G(F)} \left(\mathrm{ind}_{T(\mathcal{O})}^{T(F)} \bar{\mu} \right)\) where ``ind'' denotes compact induction and \(\iota\) the unnormalized parabolic induction. Then, \(\Pi\) can be thought of as the family of principal series representations of \(G(F)\) associated to characters of \(T(F)\) whose restriction to \(T(\mathcal{O})\) is \(\bar{\mu}\). Assume that \(\bar{\mu}\) is regular and that \(q\) is restricted (in particular the characteristic should not be a torsion prime for the Langlands dual group to any semistandard Levi subgroup of \(G\)). By a result of \textit{A. Roche} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 31, No. 3, 361--413 (1998; Zbl 0903.22009)] there exists a compact open subgroup \(J \subset G(F)\) containing \(T(\mathcal{O})\) such that i) \(\bar{\mu}\) extends to a character \(\mu: J \to \bar{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell}^*\) and ii) such that there exists an isomorphism of \(G(F)\)-modules \(\Pi \cong \mathrm{ind}_J^{G(F)} \mu =: \mathcal{W}\). If \(\bar{\mu}\) factors through \(T(\mathbb{F}_q)\) the subgroup equals the Iwahori subgroup \(I\). We denote by \(\mathcal{H} \cong \mathrm{End}_{G(F)} (\Pi)\) the Hecke algebra. The group \(J\) is equal to the group of \(\mathbb{F}_q\)-points of a connected proalgebraic group \(\mathbf{J}\) over \(\mathbb{F}_q\). It is an important technical point that the ind-scheme \(\mathbf{G}/\mathbf{J}\) is of ind-finite type, i.e. an inductive limit of schemes of finite type. The authors define geometric analogues \(\mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) and \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) of \(\mathcal{W}\) and \(\mathcal{H}\) in the following way. By the sheaf-function dictionary one can construct a one-dimensional character sheaf \(\mathcal{M}\) on \(\mathbf{J}\) whose trace of Frobenius function equals the character \(\mu\). Now let \(\mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}^{der}\) denote the bounded \((\mathbf{J},\mathcal{M}^{-1})\)-equivariant constructible derived category of sheaves on \(\mathbf{G}\) and let \(\mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) be its perverse heart. Define \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) as the category of \((\mathbf{J} \times \mathbf{J}, \mathcal{M} \boxtimes \mathcal{M}^{-1})\)-equivariant perverse sheaves on \(\mathbf{G}\). Then, there exists a convolution with compact support functor \(*:\mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}^{\mathrm{der}} \times \mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}^{der}\). The three main theorems of the present paper are as follows: Theorem 1: The simple objects of \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) are clean. Theorem 2: a) \(\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{geom}}\) is closed under convolution. b) There exists an explicitly defined monoidal equivalence \(\Psi_{\mathrm{geom}}: \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{geom}} \to\mathrm{Rep}(\check{T}) \boxtimes \mathrm{LocSys}(\mathbb{F}_q)\) where \(\mathrm{LocSys}(\mathbb{F}_q)\) denotes the monoidal category of \(\ell\)-adic local systems on \(\mathrm{Spec}(\mathbb{F}_q)\). Theorem 3: Convolution defines a monoidal action \(\mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}} \times \mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{W}_{\mathrm{geom}}\). Taking the trace of Frobenius one obtains the isomorphism \(\;Psi: \mathcal{H} \to K_0(\mathrm{Rep}(\check{T}))\) and the action of \(\mathcal{H}\) on \(\mathcal{W}\) by convolution. The authors also discuss a conjectural generalization of these results to the case when \(\bar{\mu}\) is not regular.