Non-semisimple TQFT's and BPS \(q\)-series (Q6042942)

In recent years, two types of non-semi-simple quantum invariants for 3-manifolds have been constructed. First, the CGP invariants \(N_r(M,\omega)\) were introduced in [\textit{F. Costantino} et al., J. Topol. 7, No. 4, 1005--1053 (2014; Zbl 1320.57016)], in which \(\xi=e^{\pi i/r}\) is the quantum parameter, and for each 3-manifold \(M\), an additional structure \(\omega\in H^1(M;\mathbb{C}/2\mathbb{Z})\setminus H^1(M;\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})\) is chosen; these invariants were extended to TQFTs [\textit{C. Blanchet} et al., Adv. Math. 301, 1--78 (2016; Zbl 1412.57025)] which are attracting much attention of researchers. Second, the GPPV invariants \(\widehat{Z}_{\mathfrak{s}}(M;q)\) were introduced in [\textit{S. Gukov} et al., J. Knot Theory Ramifications 29, No. 2, Article ID 2040003, 85 p. (2020; Zbl 1448.57020); \textit{S. Gukov} et al., J. High Energy Phys. 2017, No. 7, Paper No. 71, 82 p. (2017; Zbl 1380.58018)]; now the quantum parameter is a generic \(q\) with \(|q|<1\), and the additional structure is a spin\(^c\) structure \(\mathfrak{s}\) on \(M\). Actually, the definition of \(N_r(M,\omega)\) is based on the representation theory of the unrolled quantum group \(\mathcal{U}^H_{\xi}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\), and \(\widehat{Z}_{\mathfrak{s}}(M;q)\) should be thought of as a quantum group invariant associated to \(\mathcal{U}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) at generic \(|q|<1\). Regarding the fact that the relation between \(\mathcal{U}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) and \(\mathcal{U}^H_{\xi}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) involves specializing \(q\) to be a root of unity, it is reasonable to expect \(N_r(M,\omega)\) to be related to limiting values of \(\widehat{Z}_{\mathfrak{s}}(M;q)\) at roots of unity. The paper under review aims at exploring possible relations between CGP and GPPV invariants. In Conjecture 1.2, it is proposed that for a rational homology sphere \(M\), there exists a collection of series \(W_{\mathfrak{s}}(M)\) in \(q\) such that \[N_r(M,\omega)=\Big({\sum}_{\mathfrak{s}\in\mathrm{Spin}^c(M)}c_{\omega,\mathfrak{s}}W_{\mathfrak{s}}(M)\Big)|_{q\to e^{2\pi i/r}},\] where the coefficients \(c_{\omega,\mathfrak{s}}\) are precisely given, and \(W_{\mathfrak{s}}(M)\) can be taken to be \(\widehat{Z}_{\mathfrak{s}}(M;q)\) if the latter is defined. A similar formula is proposed for general 3-manifold in Conjecture 1.5. Then these conjectures are proved for certain special cases. Furthermore, several other related topics are discussed.