Riesz transform characterization of Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces (Q6050254)

Let \(X\) be a ball quasi-Banach function space satisfying some mild assumptions and \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)\) the Hardy space associated with \(X\). In this paper under review, the authors obtain the first-order Riesz transform characterization of \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)\). To achieve it, the authors introduce both the Hardy space \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\) of harmonic functions and the Hardy space \(\mathbb{H}_X\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\) of harmonic vectors, associated with \(X\), and then establish the isomorphisms among \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right),\) \(H_{X, 2}\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\), and \(\mathbb{H}_{X, 2}\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\), where \(H_{X, 2}\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\) and \(\mathbb{H}_{X, 2}\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\) are, respectively, certain subspaces of \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\) and \(\mathbb{H}_X\left(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1}\right)\). Then they recall some basic concepts associated with tensor products and introduce the higher-order Riesz-Hardy space. By using these spaces, they establish the higher order Riesz transform characterization of \(H_X\left(\mathbb{R}^n\right)\). The results obtained in this paper have a wide range of generality and can be applied to classical Hardy spaces, weighted Hardy spaces, variable Hardy spaces, Herz-Hardy spaces, Lorentz-Hardy spaces, mixed-norm Hardy spaces, local generalized Herz-Hardy spaces, and mixed-norm Herz-Hardy spaces and all the obtained results on the aforementioned last five Hardy-type spaces are completely new. These obviously reveal both the generality and the flexibility of the main results in the paper and hence more applications to some newfound function spaces are predictable.