Lower bounds for the cyclicity of centers of quadratic three-dimensional systems (Q6058841)

The paper deals with quadratic three-dimensional differential systems having the origin as a Hopf singular point, that is, a singular point for which the Jacobian matrix has a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues and a non-zero real eigenvalue. For vector fields associated to the considered systems, there exists an invariant two-dimensional manifold tangent to the \(xy\)-plane at the origin. The goal of this research is to study the cyclicity of the singular point representing a center on the center manifold. In order to attain this goal, the authors use the higher order developments of the Lyapunov constants and full quadratic perturbations. As a result, they make a chart of the cyclicity by establishing the lower bounds for several known systems including the Rössler, Lorenz, and Moon-Rand systems. Moreover, they construct an example of a jerk system to obtain \(12\) limit cycles bifurcating from the center.