Semisimple algebras and PI-invariants of finite dimensional algebras (Q6071806)

The paper studies the polynomial identities satisfied by affine PI algebras over an algebraically closed field \(F\) of characteristic 0. Let \(\Gamma\) be some ideal of identities in the free associative algebra \(F\langle X\rangle\), and let \(\Gamma\) contain a Capelli polynomial \(c_n\) for some \(n\). The authors prove that there is a f.d. semisimple algebra \(U\) such that there exists a f.d. algebra \(A\) whose ideal of identities equals \(\Gamma\). Moreover the Wedderburn--Malcev decomposition of \(A\) is \(A\cong U\oplus J_A\) where \(J_A\) is the Jacobson radical of \(A\). Furthermore for every f.d. algebra \(B\) whose ideal of identities equals \(\Gamma\), its maximal semisimple subalgebra \(B_{ss}\) contains \(U\) as a direct summand. It is known that every T-ideal containing a Capelli polynomial is generated by some f.d. algebra; the theorem obtained in the paper shows that the semisimple part of such f.d. algebra is, in a sense, uniquely determined. That is, the algebra \(U\) can be viewed as an invariant of the T-ideal \(\Gamma\) (and of the variety of algebras determined by \(\Gamma\)). In order to obtain this theorem the authors extend the notion of a fundamental algebra to that of a full algebra. If \(A=A_{ss}\oplus J_A\) where the semisimple part \(A_{ss}\cong A_1\times \cdots\times A_q\), each \(A_i\) is simple, and up to a permutation of 1, \dots, \(q\), one has \(A_1J_A A_2\cdots J A_q\ne 0\), then \(A\) is a full algebra. The authors show that for full algebras the semisimple part is exactly the above invariant: if \(A\) and \(B\) are full, and have the same ideal of identities, then their semisimple parts are isomorphic. If the T-ideal \(\Gamma\) contains no Capelli polynomials the situation becomes rather more delicate. One has to consider the Grassmann envelopes of the corresponding algebras in order to get an analogous result to the above theorem. But it refers to superalgebras instead of algebras. Finally the authors settle the analogous problem for group graded algebras where the group can be arbitrary (but finite).