Transformations for Piola-mapped elements (Q6071902)

In this paper, generalized Piola transformation is utilized to incorporate non-standard \(H(\mathrm{div})\) elements, developing techniques for representative finite elements discretizing \(H(\mathrm{div})\) and \(H(\mathrm{div};S\)) in two dimensions: the Mardal-Tai-Winther element for Stokes-Darcy flow, and two exotic, symmetry-enforcing elements for elastic stress. Numerical experiments verify the accuracy of implementations, which can be found in the publicly available Firedrake library. The composability of the implementations is demonstrated with existing patch-based smoothers. Application of Nitsche's method to dual mixed problems is also considered, which is merited by the interaction between the Nitsche and augmented Lagrangian penalties; whose efficacy has been observed numerically when applied to Arnold-Winther elements for linear elasticity.