On finite groups with \(\mathbb{P}_{\pi} \)-subnormal subgroups (Q6084905)

In the paper under review and in this report, all groups under consideration are finite. One fruitful research line in the analysis of the structure of groups is the study of the influence of some subgroup chains in the groups. Embedding properties defined in terms of subgroup chains like subnormality are examples of powerful properties with a strong influence on the structure of groups. Let \(\pi\) be a set of prime numbers. A subgroup \(H\) of a group \(G\) is said to be \textit{\(\mathbb{P}_{\pi}\)-subnormal} in~\(G\) if either \(H=G\) or there exists a chain of subgroups starting with~\(H\) and ending in~\(G\) in which the indices of each subgroup of the chain in the following one is either a prime or a \(\pi'\)-number. This is a generalisation of the notion of \(\mathbb{P}\)-subnormal subgroups, in which the corresponding chain of subgroups consists of subgroups of prime indices. We recall that a \textit{formation} is a class of groups that is closed under taking quotients and subdirect products; it is \textit{saturated} when it is closed under taking Frattini extensions, and it is \textit{hereditary} or \textit{subgroup-closed} when it is closed under taking subgroups. Given a formation~\(\mathfrak{F}\), every group \(G\) possesses a normal subgroup that is the smallest normal subgroup~\(N\) such that \(G/N\) belongs to~\(\mathfrak{F}\). This subgroup is called the \textit{\(\mathfrak{F}\)-residual} of~\(G\). The well-known theorem of Gaschütz, Lubeseder, and Schmid shows that the saturated formations coincide with the local formations, that are formations composed of the groups \(G\) in which the automorphism group \(G/{\operatorname{C}_G(H/K)}\) induced on each chief factor \(H/K\) belongs to \(f(p)\) for each prime \(p\) dividing \(\lvert H/K\rvert\), where \(f\) is a \textit{formation function} or \textit{local screen}, a function that associates to each prime \(p\) a formation of groups \(f(p)\). The fact that nilpotent groups coincide with the groups in which all Sylow subgroups are subnormal is the motivation of this paper to analyse groups in which every subgroup is \(\mathbb{P}_{\pi}\)-subnormal. The following result is obtained (Theorem~1): Let \(\mathfrak{X}\) be the class of all \(\pi\)-closed groups in which all Sylow subgroups are \(\mathbb{P}_{\pi}\)-subnormal. Then the following assertions hold: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(\mathfrak{X}\) is a hereditary saturated formation; \item[2.] every \(\pi\)-closed minimal non-\(\mathfrak{x}\)-group is a biprimary minimal nonsupersoluble group; \item[3.] \(\mathfrak{X}=\operatorname{LF}(F)\), where \(F\) is a maximal inner local screen such that \[ F(p)= \begin{cases} (G\mid G\in\mathfrak{X}, \operatorname{Syl}_p(G)\subseteq \mathfrak{N}_p\mathfrak{A}(p-1))&\text{if \(p\in \pi\),}\\ \mathfrak{E}_{\pi'}&\text{if \(p\in \pi'\).} \end{cases} \] \end{itemize} Here the symbol \(\mathfrak{N}_p\) denotes the class of all \(p\)-groups, \(\mathfrak{A}(p-1)\) denotes the class of all abelian groups of exponent dividing \(p-1\), and \(\mathfrak{E}_{\pi'}\) denotes the class of all \(\pi'\)-groups. According to a result of Huppert, the index of a maximal subgroup of a \(\pi\)-supersoluble group is either a prime in \(\pi\) or a \(\pi'\)-group. In particular, all subgroups of a \(\pi\)-supersoluble group is \(\mathbb{P}_\pi\)-subnormal. Theorem~2 characterises \(\pi\)-closed \(\pi\)-supersoluble groups: Let \(G\) be a \(\pi\)-closed group. Then the following conditions are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(G\) is \(\pi\)-supersoluble; \item[2.] the normalisers of all Sylow \(p\)-subgroups for \(p\in\pi\cap\pi(G)\) and the normalisers of all Hall \(\pi'\)-subgroups of~\(G\) are \(\mathbb{P}_\pi\)-subnormal; \item[3.] the normalisers of all Sylow \(p\)-subgroups for \(p\in\pi\cap\pi(G)\) and the Hall \(\pi'\)-subgroups of~\(G\) are \(\mathbb{P}_\pi\)-subnormal. \end{itemize} For the last main theorem, Theorem~3, the authors consider a \(\pi\)-closed group~\(G\) and a hereditary saturated formation \(\mathfrak{F}\) consisting of \(\pi\)-supersoluble groups and containing all \(\pi\)-nilpotent groups. It is proved that \(G\in\mathfrak{F}\) if, and only if, \(G\) is a \(\pi\)-soluble group and for all \(p\in\pi\cap\pi(G)\) and all Sylow \(p\)-subgroups \(P\) of \(G\), \(\operatorname{N}_G(P)\) belongs to \(\mathfrak{F}\) and its \(\pi\)-nilpotent rsidual is \(\mathbb{P}_\pi\)-subnormal in~\(G\).