Duality for asymptotic invariants of graded families (Q6135863)

The authors generalize many duality results that appear in algebraic geometry by considering a dual formalism on numerical sequences and two operations applied to them. Formally, let \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) be two sequences of real numbers, then \begin{align*} \overleftarrow{\alpha}^\beta_n &= \inf \{d \in \mathbb{N} \mid \alpha_d \ge \beta_n\},\\ \overrightarrow{\alpha}^\beta_n &= \sup \{d \in \mathbb{N} \mid \alpha_d \le \beta_n\}. \end{align*} When \(\alpha\) is subadditive or superadditive, the asymptotic grow factor of \(\alpha\) is defined as \[ \hat{\alpha} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\alpha_n}{n}. \] Then the formal duality (Theorem 2.5) says that if \(\alpha\) is subadditive and \(\beta\) is superadditive then \begin{itemize} \item[1.] the sequence \(\overrightarrow{\alpha}^\beta\) is superadditive and \(\widehat{\overrightarrow{\alpha}^\beta} = \hat{\beta} / \hat{\alpha},\) \item[2.] the sequence \(\overleftarrow{\beta}^\alpha\) is subadditive and \(\widehat{\overleftarrow{\beta}^\alpha} = \hat{\alpha}/\hat{\beta}\). \end{itemize} In the first application, they consider a duality between the initial degree sequence of a differentially closed graded family in a standard graded polynomial ring (for example, the family of symbolic powers is differentially closed) and the regularity sequence of their inverse system (Theorem 4.20). Next, they consider the duality between the jet separation index sequence and the regularity sequence. Formally, let \(I\) be a homogeneous ideal of a standard graded ring \(R\). The jet separation sequence of \(I\) is defined by \[ s(I,d) = \sup \{k \in \mathbb{N} \mid \operatorname{reg} R/I^{(k+1)} \le d\}, \] where \(d \in \mathbb{N}\) and \(I^{(s)}\) denotes the \(s\)th symbolic power of \(I\). They deduce that the sequence \(s_d = s(I,d-1)\) and \(r_k = \operatorname{reg} I^{(k+1)}\) are dual, namely, \(s_d = \overrightarrow{r}_d\) and \(r_k = \overleftarrow{s}_k\). Consequently, they deduce that the multi-point Seshadri constant of a finite set of points \(X\) in \(\mathbb{P}^n\) is equal to the limit of the jet separation index sequence of the defining ideal of \(X\). Finally, they formulate an equivalent formulation of the Nagata-Iarrobino conjecture.