Topology of fold map germs from \(\mathbb{R}^3\) to \(\mathbb{R}^5\) (Q6141285)

In a previous work [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A, Math. 153, No. 3, 958--977 (2023; Zbl 1518.58020)], the authors studied the topological classification of map germs \(f:(\mathbb R^3,0) \to (\mathbb R^4,0)\) of fold type; that is, of Thom-Boardman type \(\Sigma^{1,0}\). This was done by means of the topological type of their associated link, a stable map from \(S^2\) to \(S^3\) obtained by intersecting the image of \(f\) with a small enough \(3\)-sphere \(S^3\) centered at the origin. The aim of the paper under review is to study the case of real analytic map germs \(f:(\mathbb R^3,0) \to (\mathbb R^5,0)\) with isolated instability of fold type. This is done by combining the results obtained in the previous work with the classical idea of \(2\)-knots \(S^2 \to S^4\). The main result is a topological equivalence based on the links associated to the map germ. As an application, the authors classify topologically all the map germs contained in the \(2\)-jet class \((x, y, z^2, x z, 0)\), proving that in this case the number of branches of the double point curve \(D(f)\) is a complete topological invariant. The paper is well written and beautifully illustrated. The authors leave a question for further investigation: Is any stable map \(\gamma : S^2 \to S^4\) realized as a link of a map germ from \(\mathbb R^3\) to \(\mathbb R^5\)?