The convergence exponent and the well approximated sets for Lüroth expansion (Q6150660)

For any \(x\in[0,1]\), the Lüroth expansion of \(x\) is of the form \begin{align*} x&=[d_1(x),d_2(x),\dots,d_n(x),\dots]\\ &=\frac{1}{d_1(x)}+\sum_{j=2}^n\frac{1}{\prod_{i=1}^{j-1}d_i(x)(d_i(x)-1)d_j(x)}+\frac{T^n(x)}{\prod_{j=1}^n d_j(x)(d_j(x)-1)}\\ &=\sum_{j=1}^\infty\frac{1}{d_1(x)(d_1(x)-1)\dots d_{j-1}(x)(d_{j-1}(x)-1)d_j(x)}, \end{align*} where the map \(T:(0,1]\to(0,1]\) is defined by \[ T(x):=d_1(x)(d_1(x)-1)\left(x-\frac{1}{d_1(x)}\right)\quad\hbox{with}\quad d_1(x)=\left[\frac{1}{x}\right]+1 \] and \(d_n(x)=d_1(T^{n-1}(x))\) (\(n\ge 1\)). The \(n\)th convergent of \(x\) is defined by \[ \frac{p_n(x)}{q_n(x)}=\sum_{j=1}^n\frac{1}{d_1(x)(d_1(x)-1)\dots d_{j-1}(x)(d_{j-1}(x)-1)d_j(x)}. \] In this paper, the multifractal spectrum of the convergence exponent \[ \tau(x):=\inf\{s\ge 0:\sum_{n\ge 1}d_n^{-s}(x)<\infty\} \] of the sequence \(\{d_n(x)\}_{n\ge 1}\) is studied. Then for any \(\alpha,\beta\ge 0\) the Hausdorff dimension of the set \[ E(\alpha,\beta)=\{x\in(0,1]:\tau(x)=\alpha\}\bigcap J_\beta \] is determined, where \[ J_\beta=\{x\in(0,1]:\left|x-\frac{p_n(x)}{q_n(x)}\right|<\frac{1}{q_n(x)^{\beta+1}}\quad\hbox{for infinity many }n\ge 1\}. \] Namely, it is proved that \[ \mathrm{dim}_H\{x\in(0,1]:\tau(x)=\alpha\}=\frac{1}{2}\quad (0\le\alpha<\infty) \] and \[ \mathrm{dim}_H E(\alpha,\beta)= \begin{cases} \frac{1}{\beta+1}&(\alpha=\infty),\\ \frac{1}{\beta+2}&(0\le\alpha<\infty). \end{cases} \]