Fourier orthogonal series on a paraboloid (Q6161892)

The author investigates the orthogonal structure on a paraboloid of revolution. For this purpose, the surface of the paraboloid \[ \mathbb{V}_0^{d+1} := \left\{(x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^d \times [0,1] : \|x\| = \sqrt{t}\right\} \] as well as the solid paraboloid \(\mathbb{V}^{d+1}\) bounded by \(\mathbb{V}_0^{d+1}\) and the hyperplane \(t = 1\) are considered. On the surface of the paraboloid, a family of orthogonal polynomials with respect to the weight function \(\varpi(t) := t^\beta (1-t)^\gamma\), named Jacobi polynomials on \(\mathbb{V}_0^{d+1}\), are studied. It is shown that these polynomials are eigenfunctions of a second-order differential operator but with the eigenvalues depending on two indices: the degree of the polynomials and the particular orthogonal basis. The Jacobi polynomials on the paraboloid do not possess an explicit addition formula. However, they are connected to a family of orthogonal polynomials on \(\mathbb{U}\), where \(\mathbb{U} := \{(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2 : x_1^2 \leq x_2 \leq 1\}\) is the parabolic domain bounded by the parabola \(x_2 = x^2_1\) and the line \(x_2 = 1\). It is shown that the reproducing kernels of the orthogonal polynomials on \(\mathbb{V}_0^{d+1}\) can be expressed in terms of the reproducing kernel on the parabola domain \(\mathbb U\), which provides the tool for studying Fourier orthogonal series on the paraboloid \(\mathbb{V}_0^{d+1}\). In particular, it allows the study of the convergence of Cesàro means of these series. In addition, it is shown that the connection to the structure on \(\mathbb U\) also extends to the solid paraboloid, which allows studying the Fourier orthogonal series on the solid paraboloid.