The multiset partition algebra (Q6165179)

The partition algebra \(\mathcal{P}_{k}(\xi)\) is an algebra over the polynomial ring \(F[\xi]\) where \(F\) is a field of characteristic zero. It has a basis given by the partitions of the set \(\{1, 2, \dots, k, 1', 2', \dots, k'\}\). For each such partition, there is an associated partition diagram, consisting of two rows of \(k\) vertices, one labelled \(\{1, 2, \dots, k\}\) and the other labelled \(\{1', 2', \dots, k'\}\), with edges connecting elements in the same part of the partition. Multiplication in the partition algebra is then defined by concatenating the partition diagrams. Well-known subalgebras of the partition algebra include the Brauer algebra, Temperley-Lieb algebra and the group algebra of the symmetric group. The paper under review generalises the partition algebra \(\mathcal{P}_{k}(\xi)\) to the multiset partition algebra \(\mathcal{MP}_{k}(\xi)\). Note that a related algebra also called the multiset partition algebra was introduced in [\textit{R. Orellana} and \textit{M. Zabrocki}, Commun. Algebra 51, No. 1, 393--413 (2023; Zbl 07637679)]. The basis of the multiset partition algebra \(\mathcal{MP}_{k}(\xi)\), as an algebra over \(F[\xi]\), is the set of multiset partitions of the multiset \(\{1^{k}, {1'}^k\}\). The diagram associated to one of these multiset partitions is constructed differently to the case of partitions. For multiset partitions of \(\{1^{k}, {1'}^k\}\) we have two rows of vertices labelled \(0\) to \(k\), with an edge from \(i\) in the top to \(j\) in the bottom if \(\{1^{i}, {1'}^j\}\) is in the multiset partition. Multiplication in the multiset partition algebra \(\mathcal{MP}_{k}(\xi)\) is also defined in terms of concatenation of diagrams, with the structure constants explicitly defined. The main results proved are as follows. An analogue of Schur-Weyl duality is proved for the multiset partition algebra in Theorem~3.15. Section~4 then considers the representation theory of the multiset partition algebra. In Theorem~4.3, the authors describe the set of partitions which index Specht modules occurring in \(\mathrm{Sym}^{k}(F^n)\) as a representation of \(\mathcal{MP}_{k}(\xi)\). Section~5 shows how the multiset partition algebra can be embedded into the partition algebra. This embedding is then used to prove cellularity of the multiset partition algebra. Finally, in Section~6, the authors consider a generalisation \(\mathcal{MP}_{\lambda}(\xi)\) of the multiset partition algebra, where \(\lambda = (\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \dots, \lambda_{s})\) is a partition. The basis of \(\mathcal{MP}_{\lambda}(\xi)\) over \(F[\xi]\) is now multiset partitions of \(\{1^{\lambda_{1}}, 2^{\lambda_{2}}, \dots, s^{\lambda_{s}}, {1'}^{\lambda_{1}}, {2'}^{\lambda_{2}}, \dots, {s'}^{\lambda_{s}}\}\). The main results on the partition algebra are then extended to this generalised multiset partition algebra.