Isomorphism classes of idempotent evolution algebras (Q6168550)

An \(n\)-dimensional evolution algebra \(E\) over an arbitrary field \(F\) is defined by using a natural basis \(e_1, \ldots, e_n\) of \(E\) as a vector space over \(F\), such that \(e_ie_j = 0\), provided \(i\neq j\), and \((e^2_1,\dots, e^2_n) = (e_1,\dots, e_n)A\), where \(A\) is called the \textit{structure matrix of \(E\)}. Note that commutativity follows from the definition, but no associativity is assumed. As usual, an evolution algebra \(E\) idempotent if \(E^2 = E\). In this paper, the authors showed that isomorphism classes of idempotent evolution algebras are in bijection with the orbits of the semidirect product group of the symmetric group and the torus. In addition, they also consider the combinatorial problem of enumeration of isomorphism classes for these algebras over arbitrary finite fields, derive a general counting formula, and obtain explicit formulas for the numbers of isomorphism classes in dimensions 2, 3, and 4 over any finite field.