Periods of tropical curves and associated KP solutions (Q6171999)

In this paper, first the author reviews results of unpublished papers [\textit{T. Ichikawa}, ``The universal Mumford curve, and its abelian differentials and periods in arithmetic formal geometry'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2010.11517}; ``Tau functions and KP solutions on families of algebraic curves'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2208.07013}] on explicit formulas of universal abelian differentials, periods and tau functions defined for families of Riemann surfaces with additional data. Using universal explicit formulas of abelian differentials and periods defined for degenerating families of Riemann surfaces, he shows that real theta functions associated with periods of tropical curves have tropical limits as solutions to the KP hierarchy. The results obtained in this paper are generalized to describing the behavior of tau functions defined for one parameter families of curves degenerating to rational curves. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. Section 2 deals with Schottky uniformization and generalized Tate curve. Section 3 is devoted to universal abelian differential, stability of differentials and periods. Section 4 deals with tau function and quasi-periodic KP solution and universal tau function. Section 5 is devoted to tropical curve and its periods. In this section, the author studies periods of \(M\)-curves and KP solutions. An \(M\)-curve means a real curve, i.e., the nonempty real analytic space of real points on an algebraic curve defined over \(\mathbb{R}\) with maximal number of components. From a tropical curve, the author constructs a degenerating family of \(M\)-curves whose periods times \(2\pi\sqrt{-1}\) are described by those of the tropical curve and of the degenerate curve.